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Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 “Very Prejudicial”: Free People of Color in a Slave Society 17 2 Spectacles of Power: Repressing the Conspiracy of La Escalera 42 3 Calculated Expulsions: Free People of Color in Mexico, the United States, Spain, and North Africa 68 4 Acts of Excess and Insubordination: Resisting the Tranquillity of Terror 98 5 The Rise and Fall of the Militia of Color: From the Constitution of 1812 to the Escalera Era 117 6 Balancing Acts: The Shifting Dynamics of Race and Immigration 146 Conclusion 173 Notes 181 Bibliography 223 Index 245 This page intentionally left blank ...

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