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A note on language and orthography My research was conducted in the Indonesian language, supplemented with Balinese, without the use of interpreters. Translations of text from Kawi or Balinese to Indonesian were made with the consultation ofvarious Balinese colleagues, credited in my introduction and in the text. Particular help in translation and spelling for the CD notes was provided by Ketut Kodi. In this book, Indonesian words follow the system of spelling introduced in 1972. Balinese words generally follow the dictionary Kamus BaliIndonesia (Panitia Penyusun Kamus Bali 1979). Cis pronounced ch as in chess. Accented eis pronounced as in English hey and e as in English third. Word-final a, such as pragina, and a within a prefix, such as panasarorgaguntangan , are also pronounced as in third or first. Otherwise, a is pronounced as in father. Since 1972, some proper names, ofpeople and places, have adopted the new spelling, substituting f, as in folly, for the earlier spelling, df. But most people have retained the original spellings of their names. I follow whatever spelling is currently being used by a particular person or place. I or Ni preceding a name is a rough equivalent ofMr. or Ms. respectively. I generally reserve their usage to photograph captions and the CD notes, as they are not generally used in everyday conversation. Finally, I have chosen to spellgambelan with a b, which is the way Balinese people generally spell it, unless they are writing for an outside readership , in which case they have adopted the Javanese spellinggamelan. With the soft b is indeed the way the word is pronounced in Bali (but not in Java), and it seems to me, and to Balinese scholars with whom I have discussed the issue, that the "Javanization" of some Balinese music terminology , which is occurring in contemporary institutions oflearning, need not extend to such a key word. Language and Orthography I xxiii This page intentionally left blank ...

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