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Contents Acknowledgments ix 1. “We all feel deeply on their account”: Richmond Prisons, 1861 1 2. “A very inconvenient and expensive problem”: The search for new Prisons 15 3. “fresh air tastes delicious”: virginia Prisons and the Road to exchange, 1862 35 4. “This prison in our own country”: Union Parole Camps 57 5. “The most villainous thing of the war”: libby Prison, 1863–64 74 6. “it looks like starvation here”: Belle isle, 1863–64 91 7. “500 here died. 600 ran away”: Danville and Beyond, 1864 103 8. “i dislike the place”: Andersonville, Plans and Problems 119 9. “The horrors of War”: Andersonville, the Pattern of life and Death 134 10. “All are glad to go somewhere”: The officers’ odyssey, 1864–65 167 11. “A disagreeable dilemma”: Black Captives in Blue 185 12. “Worse than Camp sumter”: from Andersonville to florence 196 13. “Will not God deliver us from this hell?”: The Downward spiral 210 14. “i am getting ready to feel quite happy”: exchange and Release 227 notes 239 Bibliography 285 index 295 Illustrations follow page 156 ...

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