The Anthropology of Florida

Contents [Includes Illustrations]

ANTHROPOLOGY OF FLORIDA CONTENTS I INDIAN REMAINS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN COAST OF FLORIDA THE TEN THOUSAND ISLANDS REGION ................ . INDIAN REMAINS FROM FORT MYERS TO KEY MARCO .. . Punta Rasa ...................................... . Estero Keys ..................................... . Naples .......................................... . Gordon Pass ..................................... . Weeks Place ..................................... . Key Marco ...................................... . Caximbas........................................ . Horr's Island ..................................... . Goodland Point .................................. . Cape Romaine................................... . Addison's Place .............. ; ..................... . PAGE 5 16 16 16 19 20 20 21 22 22 24 24 24 KEY MARCO SOUTHWARD. . . .......................... 27 "Vhitney River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29 Buttonwood Key .... , .......................... , .. 31 Shell Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 Dismal Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 Pumpkin Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 GOlnez Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 Fakahatchee, Thompson Place, Ellis Place.. . . . . . . . . .. 33 Ferguson River.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 Allens River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 Chokaloskee Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 Turner's River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36 Barnes River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 New River.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Chatham Bend.............. ....... ...... ......... 41 Miller's Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Chevalier Place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 Gopher Key. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 Lossman's River and Key. .. . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . .. . . . .. 44 ROYAL PALM HAMMOCK................................. 45 PAGE LOSSMAN'S RIVER TO THE SOUTHERN EXTREMITY OF THE PENINSULA. • • • • • • • • • • . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47 GENERAL IMPRESSIONS................................ 48 FORT MYERS TO LAKE OKECHOBEE AND EAST COAST.... 52 THE SEMINOLES............ •• . • • . . . • •• • • • . • • • • . . • . . .. 53 II ANTHROPOLOGY OF FLORIDA PEOPLING AND TRIBES OF FLORIDA. • • • • • • • • . . • • . . . . • •• 57 N UMBERS, ANTIQUITy ....•..........•...•••.•........ , 65 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORIDIANS IN RECORDS 70 PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, FORMER CONTRIBUTIONS...... 71 III NEW OBSERVATIONS Deformation ..................................... , 83 Massiveness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 Disease........................ , . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 87 Unity of Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88 THE SKULL.... . . • . . . • • . . • . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • • . .. 89 Descriptive Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 Facial Proportions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99 Comparative..................................... , 109 THE LONG BONES.................................... 117 Stature........................................... 118 The Humerus ..................................... 118 Radius ........................................... 122 Femur........................................... 123 Tibia............................................. 127 SUMMARY. • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . . . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • . . • • •• 130 DETAILED MEASUREMENTS ••..••..•••...••...•••..•.•.•• 133 INDEX .•••••••••••..•••.•...•.••.••.••.••.•..•••.•.•• 145 PLATE ILLUSTRATIONS MAP, CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER TO KEY l\iARCO•.•....•.........•. , .....••.• MAP, THE TEN THOUSAND IsLANDS REGION ...•.•.........••.••.•..•.•• I: JUNGLE NEAR THE SAND MOUND, HORR'S ISLAND ...................•.••..•.•• II: SEMINOLE HUT, ALLEN'S RIVER .......•• III: SHELL HEAPS ON CHOKALOSKEE ISLAND. II': SHELL HEAPS ON BROWN'S PLACE, TURNER'S RIVER .•....•.....•.•....• 17: SEMINOLES AT CHEVALIER PLACE ...... . 1'1: MANGROVE JUNGLE ON WAY TO GOPHER'S KEy ........•.........•••..........• 1711: SEMINOLES NEAR CHEVALIER PLACE .•••• PIlI: SEMINOLES, ON ALLEN RIVER ..••••...• IX: (FRONTISPIECE TO FACE PART II). DISTRIBUTION OF THE ROUNDED AND OBLONG HEADED TYPES IN FLORIDA•.• X: FRONT VIEW OF A MALE AND A FEMALE "ROUND HEAD" FROM FLORIDA ....••• XI: SIDE VIEW OF SKULLS SHOWN IN PLATES X AND Xl ......................... . XII: Top VIEW OF SKULLS SHOWN IN PLATE X XIII: SIDE VIEW OF A MALE AND OF A FEMALE FLORIDA SKULL OF THE ROUNDED TYPE XIP: A MALE AND A FEMALE "ROUND HEAD" FROM ST. JOHN'S RIVER MOUNDS ..••.• XP: FLORIDA CRANIA-THE ROUNDED CONTRASTED WITH THE OBLONG TYPE .... XJ7I: SIDE VIEW OF A FEMALE FLORIDA SKULL OF INTERMEDIARY FORM ...•.........• XJ7Il-XPIII: EXTRAORDINARY LOWER JAWS FROM THE FLORIDA MOUNDS .•....•............ FIGURE I-SHELL HEAPS AND MOUNDS ON BROWN'S PLACE, TURNER'S RIVER ...........•..•. FIGURE 2-MAP OF FLORIDA SHOWING LOCALITIES FROM WHICH SKELETAL MATERIAL WAS EXAMINED FIGURE 3a-CEPHALIC INDEX OF CRANIA FROM FLORIDA MOUNDS AND SHELL HEAPS ..............• FIGURE 3b-CEPHALIC INDEX OF CRANIA FROM FLORIDA MOUNDS AND SHELL HEAPS, CONDENSED .•• PAGE 17 18 Faces page 25 " 34 " 35 " " " " 37 43 45 55 Follows pi. VII Faces page 57 " 91 Follows pi. X " XI Faces page 93 Follows pI. XIII " XIV " XV Faces page 95 38 84 Follows page 98 " fig. 3a FIGURE 4-MEAN HEIGHT INDEx OF FLORIDA SKULLS .. FIGURE 5-UPPER FACIAL AND NASAL INDEX OF FLORIDA SKULLS ..................•..•.••••••.•. FIGURE 6-COMPARISON GRAPHS OF FLORIDIAN BRACHYCEPHALIC CRANIA WITH SKULLS IN NEIGHBORING STATES ....................••.•.. FIGURE 7-COMPARATIVE GRAPHS OF OBLONG FLORIDA CRANIA WITH THOSE OF SEMINOLES .....• Follows page 100 " " " 104 114 114 ...