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9.5. Morning Star (the son or nephew) carrying the head of his father (or uncle) Morning Star 149 9.6. Hawks and anthropomorphs: Wallen Creek; Washington State Park-A; Maddin Creek 151 9.7. Male ¤gures with prominent phalli: Picture Cave ¤gure; Plains rawhide cutout 153 9.8. Bilobed arrow petroglyphs at the Maddin Creek site 153 9.9. Bilobed arrow pictograph at the Lost Creek site 154 9.10. Vulvar petroglyphs: Miller Cave; Three Hills Creek; Washington State Park-A; Bushberg-Meisner 154 9.11. Petroglyph of vulvar motif at Bushberg-Meisner site 155 9.12. Concentric circles with serpent motifs, Plattin Creek site 156 9.13. Birthing (puerperal) panels: Maddin Creek; Three Hills Creek 157 10.1. Petroglyphs from 5th Unnamed Cave, Tennessee 161 10.2. Photograph of face and toothy mouth petroglyphs from 6th Unnamed Cave, Tennessee 163 10.3. Photographs of face ef¤gies with toothy mouths from 11th Unnamed Cave, Tennessee 165 10.4. Petroglyphs from 14th Unnamed Cave, West Virginia 168 10.5. Petroglyphs from 15th Unnamed Cave, Georgia 170 10.6. Toothy mouth petroglyphs from 34th Unnamed Cave, Tennessee 171 11.1. Human footprints sharing a common rock face with a hominy hole 182 11.2. Petroglyph resembling a plant/organic form, located in shelter with hominy holes 183 11.3. Map of Kentucky showing locations of early cultivar concentrations, hominy hole distribution, and petroglyph sites 184 12.1. Map of research area indicating concentration of rock-art depicting gender motifs 192 12.2. West-facing vulvaform located at Washington State Park, Site A 193 12.3. Distribution of vulvar motifs, as well as vulvar-phallic and puerperal motifs 194 12.4. Red and white painted, hooded bottle depicting an Old Woman from the Campbell site 195 12.5. Vulvar motifs found in Missouri petroglyphs 196 12.6. The Birger ¤gurine, an early Stirling phase image of the Old Woman 197 12.7. “Deer Woman” petroglyph at the Maddin Creek site 198 12.8. Deer iconography: deer petroglyphs at 1,000 Hills State Park 199 12.9. Bone hairpin fragment carved in the likeness of a doe deer 200 12.10. Groeper “horned serpent” pictograph on the wall of a shelter, Warren County, Missouri 201 12.11. Old Woman/celestial family chart 202 12.12. Late Mississippian pottery bottle in the shape of an Old Woman 204 xiv Illustrations 12.13. Osage Big Moon altar (vulvaform) 205 12.14. Second daughter: the West ¤gurine 206 12.15. Avian petroglyphs carved with accompanying stick and ball: Washington State Park-A; Bushnell Ceremonial Cave; Maddin Creek 207 12.16. Osage Roadman’s staff for use during the Big Moon peyote ceremony 208 12.17. Spiro gorget displaying striped pole 209 12.18. Morning Star ¤gure at Picture Cave 209 12.19. Women carrying the scalps of slain enemies perform an adoption rite as part of a lengthy mourning ceremony among the Osage 210 12.20. Nopawalla blanket ¤gure 211 12.21. The World Tree depicted on a Spiro cup 212 12.22. Dorsey’s World Tree 213 13.1. Diagrammatic representation of the conservation management planning process 220 13.2. Plan map of Samuel’s Cave, showing interior rock surfaces and location of motifs 223 13.3. Cross-section map of Samuel’s Cave, showing areas with motifs 224 13.4. Redrawn tracing of Area C, Samuel’s Cave 226 13.5. Redrawn tracing of Area H, Samuel’s Cave 228 13.6. Redrawn tracing of Area I, Samuel’s Cave 229 13.7. Redrawn tracing of Area O, Samuel’s Cave 230 13.8. Close-up of bottom central portion of Area O, Samuel’s Cave 231 13.9. Redrawn tracing of Area S, Samuel’s Cave 232 13.10. Diagrammatic representation of the relative sequence of motif types within Samuel’s Cave 234 14.1. Typical Bald Friar design motifs 240 14.2. Typical Walnut Island design motifs 241 14.3. A two and one-half foot long serpent executed in outline or relief on Little Indian Rock 242 14.4. Close-up view of petroglyphs on the southern end of Circle Rock 246 14.5. Anthropomorphs on Big Indian Rock 251 14.6. Thunderbird and anthropomorphs on Big Indian Rock 252 14.7. Petroglyphs on the main portion of Little Indian Rock 253 14.8. Petroglyphs on Eagle Rock 254 14.9. Possible eclipse motif on Little Indian Rock 254 14.10. Some of the Safe Harbor designs having associated cupules...

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