Notes
Notes Abbreviations used in notes: AAE Archives des Affaires Etrangères ADAH Alabama Department of Archives and History Adams papers Micro¤lmed Presidential Papers, John Quincy Adams AG Archives de la Guerre AHN Archivo Histórico Nacional AN Archives Nationales Apodaca correspondence Huntington Library APS American Philosophical Society CAD Centre des Archives Diplomatiques CP Correspondence Politique (in AAE) FO Foreign Of¤ce (in PRO) NARA National Archives and Records Administration PRO Public Records Of¤ce RG Record Group Introduction 1. “Demopolis, Alabama: Worth an extra day . . . ,” promotional brochure from the Demopolis Area Chamber of Commerce. 2. There is unfortunately no cultural history of the creation of southern planter identity . There are, however, many works that address aspects of the question. See, for example, Thomas Perkins Abernathy, The Formative Period in Alabama, 1815–1828 (Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 1990); W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (1941), reprint (New York: Vintage Books, 1969); Charles Shepard Davis, The Cotton Kingdom in Alabama (Montgomery: Alabama State Department of Archives and History, 1939); Daniel S. Dupre, Transforming the Cotton Frontier: Madison County, Alabama, 1800–1840 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997); Virginia Van der Veer Hamilton, Alabama: A History (New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1984); Harvey H. Jackson, “Time, Frontier, and the Alabama Black Belt: Searching for W. J. Cash’s Planter,” Alabama Review 44, no. 4 (October 1991): 243–68; Florence King, Southern Ladies and Gentlemen (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); James Oakes, The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders (New York: Knopf, 1982); and Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Yankee Saints and Southern Sinners (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985), 131–54. 3. Albert James Pickett, History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi from the Earliest Period (1851), reprint (Birmingham, Ala.: Birmingham Book and Magazine), 2:386–99. For an example of a romanticized account see, Anne Bozeman Lyon, “Bonapartists in Alabama,” a piece originally published in the Southern Home Journal in 1900 and then reprinted in the Gulf States Historical Magazine in 1903, and ¤nally in the Alabama Historical Quarterly 25, nos. 3–4 (fall–winter 1963): 227–41. 4. Gaius Whit¤eld Jr., “The French Grants in Alabama: A History of the Founding of Demopolis,” Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society 4 (1899–1903): 321–55. 5. For example, Judge S. G. Woolf and Col. F. G. Jonah, “Demopolis Founded in 1818 by Exiled French Royalists,” Selma Times-Journal (2 March 1927); Frank Willis Barnett, “Demopolis , Site of Early French Settlement, among the Most Romantic Spots in Alabama: Venture in Growing Olives and Grapes Turned Out to Be Failure,” Birmingham News (May 21, 1932); and James Saxon Childers, “A Tale of Old France in New Alabama,” Birmingham News (January 23, 1938). 6. Winston Smith, Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1967), 69. 7. Kent Gardien, “The Splendid Fools: Philadelphia Origins of Alabama’s Vine and Olive Colony,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 104, no. 4 (October 1980): 491–507; Gardien, “The Domingan Kettle: Philadelphia-Émigré Planters in Alabama,” National Genealogical Society Quarterly 76, no. 3 (September 1988): 173–87; and Gardien, “Take Pity on Our Glory: Men of the Champ d’Asile,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 87, no. 3 (January 1984): 241–68. Gardien’s research notes, on deposit at the Alabama Department of Archives and History, are an invaluable source on not only the inhabitants of the Vine and Olive colony but also the Domingan diaspora in America more generally. 8. For example, Jose Maria Miquel I Vergès, Diccionario de Insurgentes (Mexico: Porrúa, 1969) does not mention important non-Hispanic actors in the Mexican Revolution, such as Louis-Michel Aury who founded the insurgent privateer base on Galveston Island and held from the Mexican Congress the of¤ce of military and civil governor of Texas. 9. A notable exception is Julius Scott, “The Common Wind: Currents of Afro-American Communication in the Era of the Haitian Revolution,” Ph.D. diss., Duke University, 1986. 10. Dorothy Burne Goebel, “British Trade to the Spanish Colonies, 1796–1823,” American Historical Review 43, no. 2 (January 1938): 288–320; R. A. Humphreys, “British Merchants and South American Independence,” in Humphreys, Tradition and Revolt in Latin America and Other Essays (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969), 106–29; William W. Kaufman, British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804–1828 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951); W. Alison Philips, “Great Britain and...
OR
