Digital State: The Story of Minnesota's Computing Industry

Abbreviations

ACH Automated Clearing House ARDC American Research and Development Corporation ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ARTS Automated Radar Tracking System ATC air traffic control BUSHIPS Bureau of Ships (U.S. Navy) CBI Charles Babbage Institute CDC Control Data Corporation CDI Control Data Institute CEIR C-E-I-R, Inc., originally the Council for Economic and Industrial Research Cognac Cogitating Numerical Adder and Computer CPU central processing unit (computer) CSAW Communications Supplemental Activity–Washington C-T-R Computing Tabulating and Recording Company DEC Digital Equipment Corporation EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Abbreviations XIII ERA Engineering Research Associates FAA Federal Aviation Administration (Federal Aviation Agency, 1958–67) FDA Food and Drug Administration FORTRAN Formula Translation (IBM programming language) GE General Electric Corporation HP Hewlett-Packard Corporation IBM International Business Machines ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISO International Organization for Standardization LARC Livermore Advanced Research Computer LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3M Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company MBA master of business administration MDM Minnesota Directory of Manufacturers MECC Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium MICE Midwest Internet Cooperative Exchange MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MTBF mean time between failures MTDC Midwest Technical Development Corporation NAC Northwestern Aeronautical Corporation NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NBS National Bureau of Standards NCML Naval Computing Machine Laboratory NCR National Cash Register Company NEL National Electronic Laboratories NSA National Security Agency NSF National Science Foundation NTDS Naval Tactical Data System OEM original equipment manufacturer ONR Office of Naval Research OS operating system XIV ABBREVIATIONS PDP Programmed Data Processor (DEC minicomputer of the 1960s) PIRAZ Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone (NTDS) PLATO Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations (CDC) RCA Radio Corporation of America RISC reduced instruction set computing ROM read-only memory RPG Report Program Generator (IBM programming language) SAGE Semi-Automatic Ground Environment SCF Semiconductor Control Facility (Univac) SCOPE Supervisory Control of Program Execution (Control Data) SEAC Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (NBS) SMD Storage Module Drive (Control Data) SWAC Standards Western Automatic Computer (NBS) UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer USPTO United States Patent and Trademark Office VAX Virtual Address eXtension (DEC minicomputer) WAVES Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (U.S. Navy) WCN William C. Norris WWW World Wide Web ABBREVIATIONS XV This page intentionally left blank ...