Black Star, Crescent Moon: The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America

Index

223 “Above the Clouds” (song), 117 Abu Ghraib, 171, 172, 175, 180, 214n1; American corrections officers working as guards in, 178; Taguba Report investigating torture at, 178–79 Acham, Christine, 71, 73, 213n48 “Aesthetics of Hunger, The” (Rocha), 57, 58 Afghanistan: proxy war against Soviet Union in, 97 “Afrecriture,” 185 Africa: as promised land of redemption for diaspora, hopes for, xxi; reconnecting with, Black Islam and, xiv–xv African American Muslim: use of term, 203n8 African Blood Brotherhood, xxi, 78 African Summit (Cairo, 1964), 39–41 Afro-American Student Movement, Second Conference (Nashville, 1964), 208n55 Afro-Asian Conference (Algeria, 1965), 52 Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Conference (Cairo, 1957), 23, 24 Afro-beat, 133–34 Afrocentricity, 98, 115 Afro-diasporic imagination: history of, xxii–xxiii “After Mecca”: Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement (Clarke), 107 Agard-Jones, Vanessa, 208n51 Agency for International Development , 177 Ahmad, Muhammad (Max Stanford), 16, 47, 208n55 Ahmadi Muslims, 111 Al-Amin, Jamil Abdullah (H. Rap Brown), 123, 220n32; constructed by state as “homegrown terrorist,” 169–70, 185; conversion to Islam, in prison, 174, 175; conviction of murder, 169–70; history as Black Power activist and Muslim leader, 185; prison writings of, 172, 185– 88; as symbol and icon of Black Islam, 170; transfer to Supermax prison in Colorado, 170, 184–85 Alexander, Michelle, 95, 123, 180, 214n9 Algeria, xxvii, 50–56, 145; as anticolonial epicenter for Black radicals, 43, 46, 49; Fanon’s analysis of revolution in, influence of, 49, 50–52; interactions and encounters of U.S.-based Black index peoples with, 52–56; as a kind of home-in-exile, 52–53; Malcolm X’s travels to, 42–43, 55; Pan-African Cultural Festival in Algiers (1969), 46, 52–53; resistance to French colonialism in, 49, 50–56 Alhamisi, Ahmed Legraham, 108 Ali, Muhammad, xv, xvi, xxii, xxviii, 86, 137–48; as Athlete of the Century , 140, 141; ban from boxing, 147; ban from boxing, first fight back after, 137–38; as commodity in late-capitalist America, 141; conversion to Islam, 143–44, 146; embrace as national hero in 1990s, 136, 138–40, 148, 171; embrace as national hero in 1990s, containment of Black Islam through, xxviii, 139, 143, 159, 166, 167–68; embrace as national hero in 1990s, ideological work done through, 139–40, 159, 165–68; embrace as national hero in 1990s, reasons for, 140–43; fights around the world, 144–45; ghost metaphor for relationship to American political culture from 1960s to post-9/11, 138; legacy of, 138; legitimacy given to Third World dictators by, 164; licensing deal with CKX, 140; as lightning rod for controversy and mobilization of Black internationalism , 144–47; refusal to serve in Vietnam War, 122–23, 137, 144, 147; When We Were Kings about, 140, 159–65; When We Were Kings about, Ali’s silence about U.S. history in Zaire/Congo in, 162–65 Ali, Noble Drew, 118 Ali (film), 140 “Allah U Akbar” (song), 114 Allen, Tony, 133 al-Qaeda training manuals: America’s prisoners as candidates for conversion in, 183 Al-Sinima (journal), 57 Alternative Cinema (“Cinima al badil”), 57 America at a Crossroads (PBS series), 173 “American Century, The” (Luce), xvi, 2, 15 American exceptionalism, myth of, xxi; Ali’s exposure of hypocrisy of, 147; benevolent United States rooted in principles of freedom and democracy at heart of, 29; linking of American imperial reach today through space of prison exposing, 171; Malcolm X’s exposure of, 4, 29; post–Cold War triumphalism reinscribing, 157, 158; When We Were Kings and, 163 American Indian Movement, 145 American universalism, xii, 101, 171, 190 AmeriKKKa’s Most Wanted (album), 123 amnesia: selective memory and strategy of, 142 Anarchy of Empire in the Making of U.S. Culture, The (Kaplan), 213n63 Anidjar, Gil, xviii, 203n15 Ansen, David, 215n12 anticolonialism: Algeria as epicenter of, for Black radicals, 43, 46, 49; anticommunist, embraced by White and NAACP, 11–13; Black Power activists and, 46–47; Black 224 | Index struggles for freedom framed through lens of, 7–9; Cold War effects on Black, 10–16, 80–82, 86; Fanon’s silence on Islamic, 211n9; monumental moments of, 207n50; in Muslim Third World, Black liberation struggles in the United States and, 23, 48, 49, 69–86; split of Black anticolonial Left from mainstream Black liberals, 15; Third Cinema and, 56–60 anticommunism, 4, 155; Civil Rights agenda shaped by, 11, 12, 15, 16...