Gender Violence at the U.S.–Mexico Border: Media Representation and Public Response

Index

16 en la lista (film), 85–96, 99 Acosta, Rosario, 40, 43–45, 47–48, 50–51 activism, 6; political, 39, 46 agriculture and industrialization, 131–32 Alfaro, Clark, 16, 17 Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), 156, 170–72 American Convention on Human Rights, 163, 164, 167 Andrade, Norma, 42, 47 Arce, Evangelina, 41, 46 Bard, Patrick. See La frontière Baudrillard, Jean, 122 Benítez, Carmen Galán. See Tierra marchita Blancas, Patricia Ravelo, 139, 140, 149n14 border, image of the, 62–64 Cameron, Deborah, 86 Centro de Crisis Casa Amiga (House of Friends Crisis Center), 43 Channel 56 news, 68, 70, 74 Chávez Cano, Esther, 43 children’s rights, 175 cinema, border, 99, 130; border thrillers, 86–91; film realities, 83–85; homosocial bonding in, 89, 92; masculine duties in, 91–98; pervasive image of violence in, 82–83; psychopaths in, 94, 95 citizenship, 9, 71–72 “citizenship of fear,” 65 civil rights, 174 Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH), 162 communication, Hall’s four-stage theory of, 84–85 community and academia, bridging, 6–9 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 165–66 courts: using the, 167. See also United States courts cultural rights, 174 Desert Blood (Gaspar de Alba), 131; gender and globalization in, 142–48 Dialogues on the U.S.-Mexico Border Violence conference, 1 discrimination, international legislation to stop, 175 documentaries, 130 Domínguez-Ruvalcaba, Héctor, 86, 124n5, 139, 140 drugs, 24, 31. See also 16 en la lista; Tierra marchita economic boom on the border, femicide and, 107–11 economic rights, 174 economy, border, 138 El Diario (newspaper), 111–13 El Informador (newspaper), 113, 124n11 El Paso, Texas, 3, 69 Espejo retrovisor (film), 85, 95–99 ethnicity, 91, 137 Fairclough, Norman, 84 Feldman, Allen, 5 Index 198 index femicide: defined, 148n1; economic boom on the border and, 107–11; as genderbased violence, 157–58; journalistic reports of, 114–17 (see also newspapers ); root reasons for (see La frontière); “the dead women of Juárez,” 40, 117. See also mothers of murdered women in Ciudad Juárez; specific topics films. See cinema Flores, Paula, 42–43, 47, 50 Fox, Vicente, 155 Frazer, Elizabeth, 86 García Canclini, Néstor, 66 Gaspar de Alba, Alicia. See Desert Blood gay bars, 26 gay culture, 16. See also transvestite sex workers gender violence, 2, 4–6; defined, 4. See also specific topics globalization, 75, 129, 131, 134. See also maquiladora González, Josefina, 49 Hall, Stuart, 84–85, 91 human rights treaties. See international human rights instruments identity, 135, 138, 164 Iglesias, Norma, 85 Imbert, Gérard, 124n6 immigrants, 77, 132, 140 industrialization, 131–32 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 166 Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 163–64, 167–69 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 163 international human rights instruments, 155–56, 162–67, 174–75. See also specific treaties international responsibilities of Mexico, 163; due diligence and duty to protect and ensure rights, 163–64; due diligence and mitigating violence against women, 165–66; and standards that apply to violence against women, 166–67 Joint Investigating and Prosecuting Agency, 160 journalism, 113, 114, 118; “violent,” 106. See also newspapers kidnappings, 157. See also missing persons cases La frontière: Thriller (“The border”), 130–31; production and reproduction in, 132–37 labor rights, 175. See also maquiladora workers Laclau, Ernesto, 69 Language and Power (Fairclough), 84 “las muertas de Juárez” (the dead women of Juárez), 40, 117 legal protection for women in Ciudad Juárez and Chihuahua, lack of, 156– 57; lack of responsiveness by officials, 158–59; murders, sexual violence, kidnappings , disappearances, and, 157–58. See also Mexican authorities Luna, Esther, 44, 47 Maciel, David, 85 maquiladora boom, immigrants and, 140 maquiladora industry, 105, 131, 132, 135, 138, 156–57 maquiladora stage, 130–32 maquiladora system, 130, 132, 145, 146; dehumanizing effect, 2 maquiladora workers, 143, 145–47, 150n26, 156–57; femicide and, 98, 134, 144–45; prostitution, 134; victimization , 142 index 199 maquiladoras, 4, 134–36, 138, 139, 143, 144; female reproduction and, 144–45; NAFTA and, 156, 169; objectification of women in, 133, 136, 144–46; U.S. courts and, 169, 171–73 maquilocas, 135, 149n14 Mbembe, Achille, 122–23 mediated community, 63, 67 Merino, Mauricio, 126n21 Mexican authorities, the case against, 160; allegations of torture during criminal investigations, 162–63; impunity , 160; invisibility of women...