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| 271 Index Abolition, 119 Abraham in Arms (Little), 52 “Account of Travels” (Hulton, H.), 116–31. See also Hulton, Thomas Adair, James, 74–75, 77 Adams, Abigail, 215n56, 217; letters to, 229 Adams, John, ix, 4, 202, 217–32, 263; courtship for, 225–27; diaries for, 224–25; early background of, 219; European culture for, 229–30; Hercules story for, 220–24; letters to spouse, 229; as masculine ideal, 218–19; moral uprightness of, 219–20, 223; proper manhood for, 231–32; virtue for, 222–24, 226, 232 Addison, Joseph, 199 African Americans. See Black males; Black women Africanization, of whites: British criticism of, 136; in Jamaica, 148 Algonquian tribe, dreams for, 32, 41 Allen, Thomas, 238, 240, 242, 244 American Revolution, 236–50; Baptist chaplains during, 247–48; boycotts during, 202–4; concept of manhood influenced by, 184; Continental Congress during, 195–98, 202–3; henpecked husbands as symbol for, 197–206; manhood during, 195–211; masculinity during, 237–50; Methodists during, 247, 254n27; military chaplains during, 236–50; Native Americans during, 69n28; patriots during, 211n2; voluntary associations during, 168–69. See also Continental Congress Amherst, Jeffery, 57 “Ancient Planters of Virginia,” 24 Anglo-Americans: dream diaries for, 32; ethnocentrism of, 57; masculinity and, 3; Native Americans and, views on, 39, 56; Native American warfare v., 72; “new” masculinity among, 66n4; during Seven Years War, 51–65 Anglo-Cherokee War, 61 Anglo-Indian warfare, 51–65. See also Seven Years War, projections of masculinity during Anglo-Powhatan War, 23 Anglo-Spanish War, 12 Antigua: masculinity in, 116, 119–26; “banes of society” in, 119–26; white hospitality and, 119–20 Appeal (Walker), 187 “Arabella’s Complaint of the Congress,” 198, 200–202, 204–6; consumer boycotts in, 204 Arbuthnot, John, 199, 213n19 Armstrong, James, 240 Articles of Association, 202–3 Asbury, Francis, 247 A ska yv ste qo (Cherokee leader), 75–76 Atkin, Edmond, 51, 60 Attakullakulla, 59, 61, 63 Avery, David, 238 Avery, Henry, 108 Axtell, James, 39 “Banes of society,” 119–26 Bangs, Isaac, 240 Baptist chaplains, during American Revolution, 247–48; political maturity of, 255n35 Bartholomeus de Portugees, 100, 101, 103 Bartram, William, 54 272 | Index Battell, Andrew, 176 Battle of Etchoe, 64 Beadle, Gabriel, 19 Bederman, Gail, 6n8 Beggar’s Opera (Gay), 115n36 Bialuschewski, Arne, 114n28 Biology. See Evolutionary biology “Blackbeard.” See Teach, Edward “Blackbeard” Black males: Christian symbolism of, 146; clothing styles for, 186; desire for white women by, 144; hairstyles of, 186; life at sea for, 185; manhood for, Christian piety and, 183; masculinity among, 4; naming of, symbolism of, 144; patriarchy and, as commonality with white males, 149; in public, response to, 185–86; self-assertion by, under slavery, 180; social views of, 143–44; stereotypes of, 143–46; in white portrait art, 181–82 Black women: Christian piety for, 183; Creole , in West Indies, 118–19; in Jamaica, white male pursuit of, 142–43, 147–48 Blake, William, 145 Bledsoe, Caroline, 148 Bloch, Ruth, 218–19 Blood law, 74 Bolster, Jeffrey, 185 Bonny, Anne, 109–10, 110 Book of Pirates (Pyle), 111, 111–12 Bouquet, Henry, 58 Boycotts. See Consumer boycotts Braddock, Edward, 56 Brown, Kathleen M., 4, 10, 33, 259, 261 Brown, Vincent, 150n5 Bucaniers of America (Exquemelin), 96–106; alternative models of masculinity in, 99–100; illustrations in, 97–98, 100–106, 104; Native Americans in, 106; popularity of, 97–98; printing techniques for, 114n22, 114n24; translations of, 102–3, 105, 113n5, 114n23 Buccaneers, origins of, 98 Bull, William, 59, 61–62 Butler, Jon, 246 Butler, Judith, 6n8 Butler, Samuel, 195 The Caribbean. See West Indies Carmichael, John, 243 Carter, Landon, 117 Carter, Robert, 97 Chandler, Thomas Bradbury, 195, 198, 206 Chaplains, during American Revolution, 236–50; Baptist, 247–48; British capture of, 254n31; Continental Congress recognition of, 251n5; demographics for, 251n4; as “gender brokers,” 236–50, 257; justification of war by, 242–43; literature on, 251n6; Methodist, 247, 254n27; political dissent and, 246–50; primary activities of, 239–40; purpose of, 238–39; religious conversions by, 241; on swearing, 240–41, 252n13; as symbols of manhood, 237–42, 250; war as God’s plan for, 244 Chard, Chloe, 220 Charity, 156 Charles I (King), 35 Charles II (King), 35 Cherokee tribe, 54; in Battle of Etchoe, 64; belief systems for, 72; blood law for, 74; civil leaders within, 84; civil life within, 90n58; communication with animals within, 79; community recognition within, for warriors, 83–85; “corn pullers” in, 63; death as spiritual for, 83; eagle dance performances in...

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