The Independent Orders of B'nai B'rith and True Sisters: Pioneers of a New Jewish Identity, 1843-1914

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The Independent Orders of B’nai B’rith and True Sisters This page intentionally left blank The Independent Orders of B’nai B’rith and True Sisters Pioneers of a New Jewish Identity, 1843–1914 Cornelia Wilhelm Translated by Alan Nothnagle and Sarah Wobick wayne state university press detroit © 2011 by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without formal permission. Manufactured in the United States of America. 15 14 13 12 11 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilhelm, Cornelia, 1964– [Deutsche Juden in Amerika. English] The independent orders of B’nai B’rith and True Sisters : pioneers of a new Jewish identity, 1843–1914 / Cornelia Wilhelm ; translated by Alan Nothnagle and Sarah Wobick. p. cm. Translation of: Deutsche Juden in Amerika by Cornelia Wilhelm. Stuttgard, Germany : Steiner Verlag, c2007. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8143-3403-4 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Jews, German—United States. 2. B’nai B’rith. 3. United Order of True Sisters. I. Title. E184.353.W55413 2011 943'.004924073—dc22 2010048304 This English edition has been translated from the original German publication, Deutsche Juden in Amerika, by Cornelia Wilhelm. © 2007 by Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. All rights reserved. Grateful acknowledgment is made to B’nai B’rith International and the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation for their generous support of the publication of this volume. Typeset by Westchester Composed in Adobe Garamond Pro and Walbaum ...