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215 ABLA homes, 48–49 Abra (pseud.), 115, 146, 151, 164–166, 168, 187 abuse, 7–8, 201n3; child abuse, 21, 29, 42–44, 46–48, 54, 102, 107, 145, 177; emotional abuse, 43, 46–47, 54, 107, 115; in family relationships, 41–47, 52, 54, 81, 100, 102, 107, 113, 128, 145; in foster homes, 42; as “kill or be killed,” 115; as pathway to offending, 40–48, 52, 54–55; physical abuse, 4, 41, 43–44, 102, 115; in romantic relationships, 54–55, 81, 115, 129; sexual abuse, 41–43, 201n3 acquaintances. See associates, drug-using addictions, 2–3, 5, 175, 177–178; addiction studies, 3; cross-addiction, 83; and desistance, 11, 58, 62–63, 65, 69–70, 74, 76; and education, 151; and employment, 142, 144–145; and family relationships, 62–63, 82–92, 96, 100, 104–106, 108–111, 202n1 (ch4); and friendships, 83, 132–137; high rates of, 13; and Mercy Home, 27, 31, 38, 69, 104, 149; and motherhood, 82– 92, 96, 105; and neighborhoods, 157, 169; pathways to, 40–41, 43–44, 48–50, 52, 54; and romantic relationships, 115–119, 121, 123–124, 127, 129; and “selfishness,” 84, 137; and twelve-step/self-help programs, 12–14, 76, 109, 181–182. See also alcohol use/alcoholism; drug use Adena (pseud.), 22, 26, 31, 39, 48–51, 55, 69, 86–88, 108–110, 113, 134–135, 160, 163, 178, 188, 192–193 adoption, 94–96, 129–130 African American women, 8–9; and desistance , 61–62; and employment, 141, 155; and family relationships, 81, 202n2 (ch4); and neighborhoods, 157–158, 165–167, 169–173; and pathways to offending, 40– 42, 45–46, 48, 51, 53–54; and romantic relationships, 114, 129; structural/contextual factors influencing, 8–9 age, 175, 187–188, 194; age-graded theory of social control, 10; of children, 41, 82, 86, 88, 90–91, 96; and desistance, 62, 69, 71–72, 86; and education, 152; and employment, 153–154; and Mercy Home, 21–22; and motherhood, 82, 86; and neighborhoods, 172; and pathways to offending, 41, 49–52, 54; and romantic relationships, 124–126 agency, personal, 7, 51, 56, 68, 162, 164, 166, 172–173 Albany (pseud.), 32, 160, 187 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 5, 12–14, 120, 123, 126, 180 alcohol use/alcoholism, 1; beer, 71; and desistance, 59, 71–72, 75; and employment , 147–149; and family relationships , 41, 82, 85, 87, 91, 105; and Mercy Home, 27, 36–37; and motherhood, 82, 85, 87, 91; as pathway to offending, 41, 44–46, 53–54;“recovering alcoholic,” 14; and relapses, 71–72; and romantic relationships, 120; structural/contextual factors influencing, 8; and twelve-step/ self-help programs, 12–14, 75. See also addictions; relapses/reoffending Index 216 Index Alicia (daughter), 86–88, 109–110, 113, 178 Allison (pseud.), 31, 33, 94, 120–121, 187 Amanda (pseud.), 187 Andrea (pseud.), 35, 93, 151, 155, 187 Angela (pseud.), 19–20, 32, 127, 145–146, 151, 155, 169, 188 apprenticeships, 151 April (pseud.), 75, 135–136, 146, 158, 187, 191 armed robberies, 54, 83 arrests, 1–2, 53, 83, 85, 87, 101–102; house arrest, 110; of juveniles, 47 arson, 21 associates, drug-using, 36, 113, 131–133, 166, 172, 179 Auburn Gresham (neighborhood), 169 Audy Home for Children, 42, 201n1 (ch2) aunts, 42, 44–45, 47, 85, 88, 92, 95 Austin (neighborhood), 162–163 automobiles, 67; and accidents, 64; driving without licenses, 127 avoiding people, places, and things, 12–14, 16, 39, 198; and desistance, 58, 67, 71, 112, 165; and employment, 148; and family relationships, 81–82, 99–100, 102, 108, 112–113, 159; and friendships, 131–133; and neighborhoods , 157, 162–165, 168–174, 179; rejecting need for, 169–174, 179; and romantic relationships, 114, 116–118, 127–130, 178–179; and “triggers,” 113, 148, 164, 166 “bad” people:“bad” men, 119;“bad” mothers/women, 40, 42–43, 137;“bad” youth, 167; good people/bad people, 10, 30, 42–43 Banks, Ms. (mother), 50–51, 109–110 Bennie (pseud.), 26, 29–31, 42–43, 66, 75, 85–86, 90, 100–101, 105, 116, 124–127, 160–161, 167, 170–172, 178–179, 188, 191 Blanche (pseud.), 75, 161, 188 Blumer, Herbert, 7 boredom, 28, 38, 58–60, 67, 72–73 boundary setting, 34, 62, 112–113, 133 boyfriends. See romantic relationships brothers, 1–2, 4, 45–47, 51–53, 62; and co-offending, 105–106; deaths of, 125; relationships with, 102–108, 111–112; support of, 104, 111–112...

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