Zapotecs on the Move: Cultural, Social, and Political Processes in Transnational Perspective

Index

243 The letter f following a page number denotes a figure; the letter t denotes a table. acculturation, 14, 16, 101, 106–107, 118, 193 African Americans: view of Yalaltecos, 115, 149, 151–152; Yalalteco view of, 116–117 Afro-Caribbeans, 15 agriculture: Bracero Program, 21–25, 87; commercial, in Mexico, 32; generational views on, 179 American Indian classification, 98 Americanization, 14, 63, 108–110, 124, 129, 131, 135, 140, 161, 171 amnesty, 30, 32–34, 38, 199, 202 animal worship, 71 animism, 70 anomie, 81, 216n21 Appadurai, Arjun, 51 Appel, Willa, 181 Aquino, Alejandra, 88 arranged marriage, 32, 39–41, 106, 169 Asians, Yalalteco view of, 116 assimilation, 108; dual pattern of into mestizo Mexican mainstream, 118; through dress, 160; in Mexico, 101 authentic Yalaltecos, 140–141, 143, 144 baile popular, 81, 215n19 bailes (community gatherings): dance rehearsals, 61; history in Los Angeles, 48–50; music for, 81–82; organization of, 60–61; participation in, 61–62, 63– 64; religious dances, 60–61; secondgeneration Yalaltec participation in, 139; significance of, 3–4, 5, 52, 61–62; social recognition of individual efforts for, 64–68, 70 Barrios, Angel, 83 barrios, in Yalálag, 47, 48, 49, 200 Basch, Linda, 7 Benito Juárez Organization, 136 ben raghe, 97 ben reje, 97 ben’ yeze, 97 Berg, Janine, 37 Besserer, Frederico, 12 bi gwlash, 209n2 Blanc-Szanton, Christine, 7 boleros, 105 Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo, 140 Bourdieu, Pierre, 8–9, 209n6 Bracero (farmhand) Program, 21–25, 87 brass bands: disappearance of, 195; in Los Angeles, 49, 213n25; role in Yalálag, 88, 171–172 Brecht, Bertolt, 17, 162 buena salud, 55–56 bullfights: cholo participation in, 162; comical, 176, 183, 185; rewards for winners of, 158–159; traditional, 70, 74, 80, 81, 162 burials, 224n6 Bush, George W., 218n7 cacicazgo, 84–85, 86, 89 cacique, 83, 84–85, 87–88, 216n27 calenda, 80, 215n15 Calles, Plutarco Elías, 85 calzón y camisa de manta, 160 capillitas, 72 capitán de la danza, 2 I N D E X 244 Index cargo (barrio-cargo) system, 9–10; composition of, 213n31; immigrant participation in, 90, 91; obligation to participate in, 48 Carrancistas, 84, 85 Carranza, Venustiano, 84 casas del los barrios, 49, 57, 75 Castles, Stephen, 13 Catholic Church, influence on ideologies of gender/sexuality, 168, 169, 172 Catholics, in Yalálag, 75, 212n14, 214n2, 222n6 caudillo, 85, 217 Cerro Brujo, 73 Cerrutti, Marcela, 31 champurrado, 76, 80 Chance, John K., 47, 56, 71 Chiapas uprising, 36 Chicanos, 131, 133–134, 135–137 Chinese Americans, view of Yalaltecos, 151–152 cholos: clothing as symbol of identity of, 137, 162; identity as Mexican Americans, 134–135; as negative identity, 109–110; as negative social remittances, 162–163; and violence in Yalálag, 223n18; in Yalálag, 222n12 chuntis, 148, 161 churches in Yalálag, 72, 77, 212n15 chusca dances. See danzas chuscas (parodic dances) cirios, 55, 159 citizenship: U.S., 202; in Yalálag, 213n29 code switching, 109 coffee trade, 157 cofradia, 47 Cohen, Anthony P., 51 colonialism, 47–48, 112, 181, 214n32 comisiones, 53 comisiones de festejos, 73, 74 comisiones de las iglesias, 73, 74 comisiones de los barrios, 92 comisiones de obras, 73, 74 Comité Municipal del PRI (Municipal Committee of the Institutional Revolutionary Party), 36, 85, 87, 88, 89 Communitarian Group (Grupo Comunitario ), 79, 85, 87–88, 89 community: defining, 6–7; as social construct , 51; transnational perspective on, 6–13 community formation, social and symbolic processes in, 191–192 community service (servicio), 8, 56–60 compadrazgo, 204 comunidad fragmentada, 9 consonant acculturation, 16 convíte, 80, 215n15 corn ceremony, 175, 176–177 corregidor, 211n7 corregimiento, 211n7 cosmology, 224n13 Council of Elders, 85, 87, 88 coyotes, 23, 26, 28, 34, 38 Cuba, 32, 98 cultural performance, 17 culture of migration, 42, 121 cumbia, 81, 183, 215n19 Danza de Los Mixes (Dance of Los Mixes), 1–2 danzante, 49, 60–61, 161 danzas chuscas (parodic dances), 5, 10, 14, 17, 54; appeal and relevance of, 167; humor in, 17, 153, 167, 172–173, 175, 176, 185–187; reasons to perform, 153–154, 161, 162, 193–194; symbolism of, 166. See also individual dances deer, significance of, 183 de la Fuente, Julio, 71, 73, 76–77, 87, 88 Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), 85 Desamortization Laws of 1856, 216n24 de Souza, Xavier, 51 deterritorialized nation-state building, 101 Día de los Muertos (“Day of the Death”), 94, 108 Díaz, Porfirio, 82–83, 84, 86 discrimination...