The Artificial Ear: Cochlear Implants and the Culture of Deafness

Index

221 3M Corporation, 45–48, 50, 52; 3M/ House cochlear implant, 46, 50, 52, 54–55, 92; 3M/Vienna cochlear implant, 113–14 adoption, transcultural, 210n56 Advanced Bionics Corporation, 56–57, 104, 207n60 advocacy, see patients: advocacy AIDS, 14, 17, 18, 21 American Otological Society, 34, 36, 37 American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, 17 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 10–11, 21 Anglin, Mary, 14 anorexia, 59–60, 84, 182, 208n5 ANPEDA (France), 69, 71, 72, 73, 144 Appadurai, Arjun, 86 artificial heart, 17 artificial hip, 9, 13 artificial limb, 10 artificial organs, 34, 173 artificial tissue, 17 Ashley, Jack (Lord Ashley), 41, 86 assistive technology, 11 audiology, 1–2, 56, 102, 115, 142, 166, 176, 181, 194 Australian Association of the Deaf, 78–79 autobiography, 62–3, 164 autonomy, 24, 82, 103, 148, 150, 163; clinical, 23, 25 Avritzer, Leonardo, 195 Bahan, Benjamin, 81–82, 117 Baker, Anne, 134 Balkany, Thomas, 148 Baszanger, Isabelle, ix Baynton, Douglas, 62 BDA, see British Deaf Association Bellugi, Ursula, 64 Bertin, 39 Biderman, Beverly, 164–65, 169, 192 Bilger Report, 175 bilingualism, 65, 93, 107, 138–39, 170, 179 bioethics, see ethics “bionic ear,” 71–72, 80, 83, 174 biosociality, 20 Bloche, Gregg, 184 Blume, Boaz, ix, 193 Blume, Jascha, ix, 1–3, 7, 22, 123, 193 Borrel-Maissony, Suzanne, 32 breast cancer, 15–16, 59, 207n1; screening for, 23–24, 201n46 breast implants, 82 Bredberg, Goran, 94, 96, 192 Britain: association of Deaf people in (see British Deaf Association); association of parents of deaf children in (see National Deaf Children’s Society); cochlear implantation in, 45, 87–91, 103; cochlear implant development in, 41–42, 88; Deaf community in, 87, 90, 91, 105. See also Medical Research Council; National Health Service British Cochlear Implant Group, 89 British Deaf Association (BDA), 74, 79, 90, 150 Index 222 Index Broek, Paul van den, 7, 92, 113, 137, 140 Callahan, Daniel, 183, 195 Callon, Michel, 14, 21 Cayton, Harry, 71, 88 CCNE (France), 106, 129, 143, 183, 187–88, 189 China: cochlear implantation in, 104; Deaf community in, 109 Chorimac implant, 39, 48–49 Chouard, Claude-Henri, 38–41, 52, 67–68, 73, 90, 93, 111, 112, 167–68 Christiansen, John, 155, 156, 158, 170, 172, 192 citizenship, 162, 191 Clark, Graeme, 38, 42–45, 50, 54 Clarion implant, 207n60 Clerc, Laurent, 61, 66 clinical trials, 11, 60, 77, 194 Cochlear Corporation, 52, 56, 85, 87, 146. See also Nucleus group of medical electronics companies Cohen, Noel, 81–82 Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), 59–60, 181 Confédération Nationale des Sourds de France (French National Deaf Association ), 64, 73 Congress of Milan (1880), 66, 106, 137 Conrad, Peter, 100 consensus, 26, 99, 127, 131, 133, 189, 191. See also professional consensus Consensus Development Conference (NIH), 54, 55, 188 cosmetic surgery, 82, 184 cost-effectiveness analysis, 22, 177–78 Council of Europe, 139, 143, 214n30 Crouch, Robert, 81 CT scanner, 9–10 Czech Republic, 105; cochlear implantation in, 100–101 Daniels, Norman, 184, 195 deaf children, 71, 157; education of (see education of deaf children); as guinea pigs, 69, 144; implantation of, 52–56, 69–71, 89, 90–91, 93, 96–97, 99, 101, 106, 109–10, 116, 156, 175; language development in, 56, 76–77, 81, 125, 193; social development of, 56, 106, 125, 127, 132, 142, 176, 179, 189, 193 Deaf community, 63, 94, 99, 101, 105, 106, 109, 121, 138, 142, 156–57, 165, 189; access to mass media of, 72, 96, 105, 106, 194–95; activism of, 68, 105, 106, 117, 132, 142, 182, 185, 191, 194, 197; formation of, 66, 109, 186; idea of, 72, 78, 117, 161, 163; membership of, 61, 81, 84, 117, 154, 167, 183, 185, 193; threats to, 78, 145, 182, 193 Deaf identity, 61, 84, 97, 123, 157, 164, 171, 187, 192, 195, 197 deliberative democracy, 190–91, 197, 219n30 developing countries: attitudes toward deafness in, 212n30; cochlear implant programs in, 57, 101–2, 104, 196; Deaf communities in, 109, 186 disability, 13, 21, 81, 82, 145, 160, 162, 196; movement, 13, 21, 105, 162, 182, 202n67; rights, 13, 21–22, 84, 105, 162, 171, 182; social model of, 182 discrimination, 11, 185 Djourno, André, 31–32 Douek, Ellis, 38, 41–42, 43, 45, 49–50, 68, 87, 89 Dovenraad/Dovenschap, see Netherlands , the: association of the deaf Downey, Gary, 28, 128, 191 Down syndrome, 160, 162 Dresser, Rebecca, 68 Dumit, Joe, 28, 128, 191 echoscopy (diagnostic...