We Fight To Win: Inequality and the Politics of Youth Activism

Index

academic achievement: adult gaze and, , , , ; gender and, –; as organizing strategy, , , ; politicization of, , –, –, , , ; race and class privilege and, , , –, nn–; SRU and, , –, – ACLU clubs, , , n activism. See youth organizing and organizers adolescence, social construction of, – adult allies, , ; academic achievement and, ; adult power and, –, , ; ageism and, –, , –, –, , ; gendered access to, ; girls’ political development and, –; as legitimizing faces for youth organizers, –, , , ; as links to social services, –, ; media and, ; organizational continuity and, ; parental worry and, , –, , –, ; participant-observer entrée and, ; political influences on, ; race and class and, –, , –, –; roles of, , , –, –, ; safety and, , ; school administrations and, –; sexism and, –, ; social movement history and, –, , ; SRU and, , –, , , , –, , ; in youth-led spaces, . See also teachers; YP (Youth Power) adult gaze, ; academic achievement and, , , , ; definition of, –; direct action and, ; girls’ political invisibility and, , ; race and class dimensions of, , –, –; SRU and, , , ; strategies to confront, ; youth innocence and, –, –; youth of color and, . See also media; parents; school administrations; teachers adulthood, – adultism: in activist networks, ; adult allies and, ; liberal vs. radical tactics and, –; media and, ; praise and, ; race and class effects on, –; SRU and, ; as systematic oppression, , ; youth organizers and, , –; youth peer culture and, –. See also ageism adult power: adult allies and, –, , ; as barrier to youth political participation, –; critiques of, ; intersectionality and, ; modulations of, , –; race and class effects on, –; school clubs and, –, ; in schools, ; sexism and, –; subversion of in YP, –; youth critiques of, ; youth organizing and, –, , . See also parental authority; school administrations adults, –; ageism and, , , , ; cultural capital of, –; domination of public spaces, ; educational advantage of, ; hierarchies among, ; perception of youth rebellion by, ; SRU and, –. See also adult allies; parents; school administrations; teachers advertising,  affirmative action,  Afghanistan, war in, , – age, –; vs. generation, ; liberalradical split and, –; as social construction, –; student unions and,  ageism, , –; adult allies and, –, , –, –, , ; in adult organizations, –, ; adults and, , , , ; geographical and historical contexts of, –; intersectionality and, –; media and, ; politicization of, –, –; race and class effects on, –, ; in school 245 INDEX ageism (continued) administrations, ; SRU understanding of, , , ; strategies to confront, ; youth autonomy and, –; youth organizing and, , , –, –, ; youth political alienation and, –; YP and, , –, , . See also adultism alcoholism,  Amaru, Tupac, , n Amnesty International clubs,  anarchist movement, , , –; dress of, , ; Indymedia and, ; police infiltration of, , ; surveillance of, ; youth and, , , n. See also radicalism; radical tactics animal liberationists, surveillance of,  antipoverty programs, backlash against, – antitax movement,  antiwar movements, –, , , ; adultism and, ; direct action and, ; media and, , –, n; patriotism and, ; in Portland, , , –, ; SRU and, –, , , –, ; teacher support for youth activism and, –; youth and, , , , –, . See also direct action apathy. See youth apathy bathrooms, school, , , ; bathroom campaigns, ,  Best, Amy, , –,  Bettie, Julie, n bike culture, in Portland,  bilingual education, ,  black insurgency,  Black Panthers, – Black Student Unions,  Bloom, Marissa,  Boggs, Carl,  Bourdieu, Pierre, n, n Bowles, Samuel, n Bowling for Columbine (documentary, Moore),  Boyte, Harry,  Brown, Elaine,  Bucholtz, Mary,  budget cuts, school. See school budget cuts Bush, George H. W., n Bush, George W., administration, ,  Cahill, Spencer, ,  California, , –, ,  California High School Exit Exam, , , , ; protests against, , , n. See also standardized tests California Youth Authority System,  Cariaso, Marianne,  Carter, Prudence, , nn– Channel One, , n Chicano student movement,  child development,  Children Now,  citizenship, , , n civic engagement, ,  civil disobedience, ,  civil rights movement, ; backlash against, –, , , ; economic rights and, n; YP understanding of, – Clarke, John, , n class, , ; academic achievement and, , ; access to safe spaces and, –; adult gaze and, , –; adult power and, , –; ageism and, –, ; cultural capital and, n; generation gap and, ; goals of political action and, , –; Indymedia and, ; negotiating power and, –, –, –, ; Oakland and, –; parental worry and, ; police and, –, –; schools and, , , , ; SRU and, , , –, –, ; surveillance and, n; youth apathy and, , ; youth innocence and, –, –; youth political agency and, , –; youth subordination and, . See also poverty classism, , , –, ,  Clay, Andreana,  cliques,  college students,  communities of color, , –, , . See also people of color; race; youth of color conservatism,  consumerism, , –, –, , , – corporations,  curfews, n curricula. See school curricula Cycle of Violence workshop (YP), , –, ,  cynicism. See hopelessness, internalized dances, – data collection,  Davis, Angela, n Day of Silence,  Dead Prez, , n deindustrialization,  Delpit, Lisa,  demonstrations. See direct action; proeducation campaigns Denton, Nancy,  INDEX 246 Dilulio, John, n direct action, , , n; parents and, –; police and, –, , ; in Portland, , , , , n; risks of, ; vs. school-based activism, ; security culture and, n; SRU and, , , , , , –, –; youth autonomy and, , . See also antiwar movements; SRU (Students Rise Up) discipline, school, n DIY (“do it yourself”) culture, ,  dropouts, ,  drug use and dealing, , , , ,  dumpster diving,  East Bay of California. See Oakland, California Eckert, Penelope, –, , , n, n economic insecurity, ,  Ehlers, Scott,  elections, mock,  environmental clubs, , n environmentalism, , ,  Erikson, Erik,  ethnic studies, , , , ; critique of, –; interracial violence and, , ; lack of, , ; youth organizing for, , , –, , , , ; YP workshops on, . See also school curricula ethnographic methods,  Evans, Sara,  Eyes on...