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acknowledgments y The media activists, mentors, friends, and colleagues who have supported me in the years of research, writing, and rewriting are too many to mention, and I appreciate all of their help. I would like to thank first the media activists in La Paz, especially Iván Sanjinés, Reynaldo Yujra, Nila Ruíz, Franklin Gutiérrez , and Marcelina Cárdenas for their generosity, sharing their thoughts, and making many of the materials I talk about here accessible to me. Without them this book would not have been possible. Alessandro Fornazzari initially encouraged me to focus on indigenous media and read multiple versions of the dissertation and then the manuscript . His detailed critical comments and emotional support have been tremendously helpful. Thank you to Walter Mignolo for all his support and enthusiasm. Our conversations helped me to initially clarify the scope of this project. Jacqueline Loss read and commented on early drafts of the introduction . David Wood did the same for chapter 1. Long-distance from Bolivia, Keith John Richards carefully read several chapter drafts. His provocative questions proved instrumental in clarifying and rewriting entire sections. Michelle Raheja, Vorris Nunley, Jodi Kim, Mariam Lam Beevi, Susan Antebi, and Juliette Levy offered detailed comments on drafts of the introduction. Discussing my work with them was crucial in helping me to sharpen and focus my argument. The National Museum of the American Indian granted me access to their video collection. Thanks to Carol Kalafatic for conversations and her assistance there. CEFREC’s staff opened their video archive, even though I am not a filmmaker and have no technical knowledge to offer in return. When Iván Sanjinés, Jesús Tapia, and Marcelina Cárdenas were touring the United States as part of the Eye of the Condor/Ojo del Condor video tour, I invited them to screen and discuss their videos at Duke University. Sanjinés and Tapia’s visit took place in Spring 2002 (Cárdenas was not able to attend) and spoke to viii cknowledgments the challenges of creating a dialogue between indigenous activists and U.S. academics. During my stays in Bolivia and at festivals in Guatemala, New York, and Rhode Island, I had long conversations with indigenous video makers , especially Reynaldo Yujra, Faustino Peña, Marcelino Pinto, Julia Mosúa, and Alfredo Copa, and with members of CLACPI, particularly Iván Sanjinés, Alexandra Halkin, and Marta Rodríguez. Members of CEFREC-CAIB and I collaborated on an academic panel during the Second International Conference of the Bolivian Studies Association (La Paz, 2003). In 2000 I interviewed employees of the CRIC consulate in Bogotá, Colombia. They graciously agreed to sell me copies of their videos and provided me with additional material about their bilingual education program, in which the videos play a vital role. (Because of a surge in paramilitary violence and kidnappings, I was not able to visit the Cauca at that time). Catherine Walsh organized an outstanding workshop and conference in Quito, Ecuador, in 2001, where scholars from various disciplines and countries, activists from the Afro-Ecuadorian coastal regions, as well members of CONAIE’s communication department participated . As part of our exchange we visited CONAIE’s offices, where the media activists Mario Bustos and Lucila Lema let me interview them and observe the editing process. Unfortunately, this book can only reciprocate in a limited fashion the time and patience of indigenous media activists and their collaborators from whom I have learned tremendously. Between 1999 and 2006, I traveled repeatedly to Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia , and Peru. During my visits other friends and colleagues provided support. I viewed films and videos in the National Cinema archive where Elizabeth Carrasco gave valuable assistance. Thanks to Delfina Yujra for companionship and to Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui for company, food, and several of her unpublished and out-of-print writings. Rosario Rodriguez and her family in La Paz offered housing and Guillermo Mariaca Iturri care when I was ill. Thanks also to the late Beatriz Palacios and to Derliz Barrero at the Centro Gregoria Apaza, Franco Gamboa, Blithz Losada, and Kathy Seibold for coffee and conversation in La Paz and for literature recommendations. In Colombia, members of the Instituto Pensar at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana made my stay in Bogotá a truly enjoyable experience. Thanks to Santiago CastroG ómez and María Luisa Eschenhagen, to Carmelita Millán de Benavides, Pilar Melgarejo, Erica, Carolina, Sandra, Alfredo, Ana Lucía, and Silvia. Research...

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