Justice and Science: Trials and Triumphs of DNA Evidence

Index

201 Index ABO blood types, 6, 92; admissibility of, 13–14, 26, 42; in Alicia case, 73; controls, 92; of convicted offenders, 120; databases, 188; in Daye case, 60; in Frediani case, 7; lessons of, 17; limitations of, 7, 13; motions to exclude, 14; in paternity cases, 10; in semen, 1–7; statistics, 10, 28; use in court of, 17, 28 Abrahamson, Shirley, 138, 139 Adams, Dwight, 139, 151 adenine (A), 21, 22, 39, 176, 177 admissibility: of deception test, 24–25; of DNA, 15, 17, 30, 86; judge’s role, 26, 32; of mitochondrial DNA, 175, 177; of PCR, 41–42, 53–54, 123; of Polymarker, 115, 116; of RFLP, 26–28, 29, 31–33, 42, 78, 123; of scientific techniques, 24; of serology, 77; and standards, 28; of statistics, 26, 28, 31, 33; of STR, 115–116, 122, 123, 159, 188, 189–190 admissibility hearings: on DNA, 17, 34; in Frediani case, 189–190, 191; in Kocak case, 115–116; on mitochondrial DNA, 174, 175, 176; on PCR, 41, 53–54, 56; on Polymarker, 116; on RFLP, 26–28, 31–32; in Simpson case, 86, 87; on STRs, 115–116, 159, 189–190 affidavits, 61 alibi: in Andrews case, 14; in Daye case, 61; in Frediani case, 192 allele, 73 alternate light source, 72 American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI), 138 America’s Most Wanted (TV show), 165 amplification, 39, 40, 51, 54, 122. See also PCR amylase, 72 Andrews, Tommie Lee, 13, 15 antisocial personality, 106 appeals: to California Court of Appeal, 7–8, 14, 31, 42, 61–62, 188, 189; to California Supreme Court, 13, 14, 25, 31, 42, 61; in Daye case, 61; in Frediani case, 7–8; in Frye case, 25; and precedent, 31; to U.S. Court of Appeals, 14, 25; to U.S. Supreme Court, 153 Appellate Defenders, 61 Aragon, Ray, 115, 116 Arizona, 181, 182, 183, 185; crime lab, 182; Department of Public Safety, 182; and statistics, 30 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), 140; use of mitochondrial DNA, 175; use of STRs, 114–115 Armstrong, Ralph, 165, 167, 170 R4400.indb 201 R4400.indb 201 8/24/07 11:46:57 AM 8/24/07 11:46:57 AM 202 Index aspermic, 72–73 Asplen, Chris, 138 Atherton (California), 3, 4, 5; Police Department, 3, 4, 5 Attorney General: California, 62, 153, 155–156, 181; U.S., 136–137, 138, 140, 161 automation, STR, 123–124, 144 autopsy: in Frediani case, 6, 190; in Johnson case, 173; in Roberts case, 46, 48, 55 autoradiograph, 23 bacteria, 7 bail, 6, 191 band: RFLP, 23; STR, 114 Bartick, David, 189, 190, 191, 192 base, 21, 176; base pair, 21, 22 Bashinski, Jan, 139 “Bayes’s Theorem,” 18 Benjamin Cardozo School of Law, 118, 162 Berman, Al, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170 Biden, Joseph, 153 Blackett, Bob, 182 Blake, Ed: in Alicia case, 72–74; in Frediani case, 189, 191, 192; in Medina case, 185; in Moffett case, 41–42; as PCR expert, 42, 51; in Roberts case, 49, 50, 51–53, 55–56, 57, 59 blood: ABO types in, 6, 13; in Alicia case, 64, 65, 67, 72; banks, 27; degradation of, 7, as DNA source, 21; protein types in, 6–7, 13 bloodstains, 15, 19, 20, 21, 28, 112; patterns, 162, 189 Blue, Mary Jo, 164, 168, 169, 170 Bode Technology Group, 175–176 body fluids, 6, 19; degradation of, 7; as DNA source, 21 bone, as DNA source, 21 Booth, John Wilkes, 19 Boston Strangler, 166, 170 briefs, legal, 11 Brown, Nicole. See Simpson, Nicole Brown Buckland, Richard, 18 Budowle, Bruce, 17 Bunnell, John, 162, 163 burglary, 4, 5, 8, 47; in Kocak case, 117; in Nocilla case, 98, 102; in Vasquez case, 128, 131, 133, 135 Burritt, Brian, 129, 130, 135 Burton, John, 155–156 California: Attorney General, 62, 153, 155–156; Board of Prison Terms, 160; databases, 146, 181; Department of Corrections, 58, 149, 150, 188; Department of Justice, 84, 91, 129, 139, 156, 188; governor, 62, 156, 157; law, 7, 24, 25, 132; legislature, 34, 62, 155, 156; Office of Criminal Justice Planning, 181; prosecutor discovery in, 48–49, 50, 102–103, 106, 133; Senate, 155; Senate Bill 42, 155–157; and statistics, 30 California Court of Appeal, 7–8, 14, 31, 42, 61–62, 188, 189 California Supreme Court, 13, 14, 25, 31, 42, 61 Campbell, Ward, 156 Camps, Enid, 153 capillary electrophoresis, 1 Capizzi, Mike, 77 Carder, Albert, 69–70, 73, 74 Carpenter, Mike, 35, 108...