Building Diaspora: Filipino Cultural Community Formation on the Internet

Index

I N D E X 171 171 Index Abakada alphabet, 69, 70, 71, 72, 115, 119, 160n5 African Americans. See black Americans Agoncillo, Teodorno, 122 Aguinaldo, General Emilio, 39, 62, 63 Algiers, 38 Al-Qaeda, 3, 7 American: men, 83, 86–87, 89; women, 85 “Americanness,” 22, 29, 47, 75 America Online (AOL), 21 Anderson, Benedict, 3 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 157n6 anticolonialism. See colonialism Anti-Miscegenation Act, 38, 81 Appadurai, Arjun, 8, 45, 158n5 Appiah, Kwame, 25 Aquino, Belinda, 58, 105 Aquino, Benigno (Ninoy), 58, 59, 114, 115 Arab Americans, 2–3 Asian: Americans, 37, 42, 38, 102; Asian American women, 93; immigrants, 37; men, 60, 81–82, 93, 97–99, 103; women, 40–41, 45, 79, 81–82, 84, 90, 93, 94–99, 101–102, 108 Asian American Journalists Association, 37 Asian female/white male relationships. See gender “Asiaphile,” 25–26, 79, 95–97, 99– 103, 112 Australia, 20, 33 Austria, 20 authenticity: essentialism, 80, 90, 93, 102, 131, 138, 142; of Filipino identity, 25, 40, 79, 115, 127, 131, 135; language, 68, 70, 73, 102, 131, 138, 142; as membership, 53, 62, 64, 76, 132; presumed nonexistence, xviiixix , 49, 135; quest for, 5–6, 40, 46, 45, 135; uses, 23–25, 47, 54 Bakhtin, Mikhail M., 16, 117, 161n1 balikbayans, 56, 57, 116, 124 barkadas, 57 Bautista, Veltisezar, 159n6 Bello, M. and V. Reyes, 6 Bhabha, Homi K., 30, 143 Bin Laden, Osama, 2–3 Bisayan people, 135 black: Americans, 35, 75, 94–95, 123; identity, 123; men, 94 black English, 123 172 I N D E X Black Hills, 37 Black Is . . . Black Ain’t, 157n6 Black Skin, White Masks, 35 Bonifacio, Andres, 51 Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, 13 Bonus, Rick, 157n2, 159n7 Bourdieu, Pierre, 11 Boyarin, Jonathan, 122, 123 Burayidi, Michael A., 34 Cagayon, Gene, 157n2 Calhoun, Craig, 160n4 Canada, 20, 33 capitalism, 23, 24, 26, 32 Catholicism, 89–90, 126, 137 Cebu, 84, 86–87 Cebuano, 119 Cebuanas, 86–87 Chan is Missing, 11–12 Chan, Sucheng, 69 Chang, K.A. and Julian M. Groves, 90, 105 Chin, Vincent, 38 Chinese American community, 12, 161n4 Cho, Margaret, 102 Chow, Rey, 147 Chung, Connie, 102 CIA, 2 citizenship, 24; and Filipino identity, 109–110, 138–139 Clark military base. See militarization classification, 44, 127, 128, 143 coalition politics, 80 coalitions, 4, 25, 27, 80, 100 colonialism: anticolonialism, 51–52, 79, 83, 90, 109, 111; “colonial mentality,” xix, 4, 24, 25, 30, 59, 62, 67, 71, 72, 94, 103, 115–118, 120, 124, 137, 142, 146, 160n6, 161n1; colonial projects, 38–39, 112; cultural colonialism, 87–88, 111; diasporic communities, 3, 48; effects of, 4, 5, 8, 26–27, 78, 112; Filipino identity, 41, 50, 79, 94; impact on identity, 23, 87, 132, 139, 146; language, 67; mimicry, 118, 126, 133; neocolonialism, 5, in Philippines, xviii, 48–51, 87–88; Japanese–Philippine colonial relationship, 50–51; Philippine– Spanish colonial relationship, 49–51, 59, 69, 90, 126, 135; Philippine–U.S. colonial relationship, 15, 23, 40, 50, 59, 68, 69, 81, 83, 87, 89–90, 93, 117, 121, 124, 135, 140, 146, 160n6; racism, 82 color-blind racism. See racism commodification, of Filipino women, 80–81, 84, 86–88, 109– 111 community formation, 26 computer-mediated-communication, 7–8, 143, 158n4 Contemplacion, Flor, 78–79, 114, 116, 130, 160n3 Connerly, Ward, 43 Cubans, 49 culture: African, 94; American, xviii, xxi, 24, 58, 84, 116, 140, 146; construction of, 53–54, 134; Filipino, 14, 23, 24, 41, 49, 57, 67, 75, 79, 90, 100, 115, 137–138; hip-hop, 133; homogenization of, 32, 42, 70, 73, 122; Japanese, 72; McDonaldization, 32; multiculturalism, 5, 23, 32, 33– 35, 46, 49, 53; racialization of, 23, 24, 27, 32, 40, 52; Western, 81–82, 84, 102 “death of the Subject,” 143, 135–136 deconstructionism, 5, 8 Debut, The, xviii, 46, 157n2 Def Jam records, 133 DejaNews, 19 Department of Education, Culture, and Sports of the Philippine, 69 diaspora: colonialism, 3, 48; diasporic communities, 3–5, 7, 10, 47, 55, 127, 132, 133, 140, 159n2; disaporic identities, 45, 55–56, 133, 136, 143, 159n2; Filipino diaspora, 4, 10, 20, 21, 23, 26, 32, 48, 56, 112, 115–116, 124, 135, 141, 144, 159n2; Jewish diaspora, 8–9, 122 digital divide, 10, 144 Dim Sum, 161n4 I N D E X 173 diversity, 134–138 “double consciousness,” 88 DuBois, W.E.B, 13, 88 Dukes of Hazzard, 129 Ebonics, 73 emoticons, 144–145...