Mind, Matter, and Nature

Contents

Contents Preface ix chapter 1 Naturalism and the Philosophy of Mind 1 What Is Naturalism? 1 Naturalism and the Philosophy of Mind 7 chapter 2 The Case for Dualism 19 What Is Dualism? 19 The Modal Argument for Substance Dualism 30 The Difference Argument for Dualism:   Unity and Simplicity 47 Concluding Remarks about the Case for Dualism 57 Chapter 3 The Case against Dualism: the Problem of Mind-Body Interaction 58 Intelligibility 60 The Law of the Conservation of Energy 65 The Causal Closure of the Physical 69 Psycho-Physical Dependence, Conscious Animals, and the Unity of Human Persons 81 Chapter 4 Materialism 88 Eliminative Materialism 89 Behaviorism 95 Identity Theory 102 Token Identity Theory and Nonreductive Materialism 114 Functionalism and Artificial Intelligence 122 viii contents Chapter 5 Problems for Materialism 132 Qualia Arguments—Bats, Cloistered Neuroscientists, and Zombies 133 Materialist Replies to the Qualia Arguments 138 Arguments from Thought—Beliefs, Intentionality, and the Man in the Chinese Room 147 Materialism and Agency 161 Chapter 6 Emergentism and Naturalism 169 Emergence 171 Problems for Emergence 182 Emergentism and Abstract Thought 203 Emergentism and Agency 210 Chapter 7 Before the Philosophy of Mind—The Philosophy of Nature 217 The Problem of Change 222 Atomism and the Problem of Change 229 The Aristotelian Solution to the Problem of Change 235 Forms, Final Causes, and Scientific Explanation 243 Chapter 8 Aristotelian-Hylomorphic Philosophy of Mind 250 The Souls of Living Substances 251 The Souls of Conscious Substances 255 The Souls of Human Beings 265 But Is This Dualism? 274 A Key Objection and Reply 280 Some Tentative Conclusions 284 Bibliography 287 Index 305 ...