Beetle: The Life of General Walter Bedell Smith

Notes

931 Notes Abbreviations AAFWWII Army Air Force in World War II series CAC Churchill Archives Center, Churchill College, Cambridge University CARL Combined Arms Research Library, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas DDEL Dwight David Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas EP Alfred D. Chandler Jr., ed., The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: The War Years, 5 vols (Baltimore, 1970) FRUS Department of State, The Foreign Relations of the United States, 23 vols. (Washington, DC, 1955–2003) GBR General Board Reports, United States Forces, European Theater of Operations GCMP Papers of George Catlett Marshall, GCMRL GCMRL George C. Marshall Research Library, Lexington, Virginia GSPP Papers of George S. Patton Jr., Library of Congress, Washington, DC ISL Indiana State Library, Indianapolis LHCMA Liddell Hart Centre for Military History Archives, Kings College, London LOC Library of Congress, Washington, DC MHI Military History Institute, U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania NARA National Archives and Records Administration (Manuscript Division), Washington, DC OCS Office of the Chief of Staff OPD Operations Planning Division, War Department General Staff PPP Pre-Presidential Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, DDEL PRO Public Record Office RG Record Group SGS Secretary of the General Staff USAWWII United States Army in World War II series WBSP Papers of General Walter Bedell Smith, DDEL 932  Notes to Pages 9–14 1. Soldier Turned Diplomat 1. Smith’s death received more attention from British newspapers than it did in the United States. Francis de Guingand, Guardian and Daily Telegram, 11 August 1961; Kenneth Strong, Times (London), 12 August 1961; Sunday Telegraph, 13 August 1961; Hastings Ismay and William Elliott, Times, 16 August 1961. Ismay served as Churchill’s chief of staff in the prime minister’s dual capacity as minister of defense and sat on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee. De Guingand acted as Montgomery ’s chief of staff, and Strong served under Smith as chief of intelligence in the Mediterranean and northwestern Europe. All were warm personal friends of Smith’s. 2. New York Times, 10 August 1961. 3. Marshall to Smith, 8 May 1945, GCMP; Churchill to Smith, 25 October 1954, Truman to Smith, 16 January 1953, and Eisenhower, “Supplemental Rating of General Officers” (covering the period June 1940 to date), 12 July 1945, “Officer Career Summary,” Smith 201 Personnel File, in Items of Particular Interest to General Smith File, WBSP. 4. Smith to Marshall, 3 December 1945, GCMP. 5. Eisenhower to Marshall, 22 August 1945, The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower : Occupation, 1945 (Baltimore, 1978), #282. For ease of referral, cites to the published papers of Eisenhower and Marshall are listed by entry number rather than page number. 6. Eisenhower to Marshall, 8 September 1945, Occupation, #311. Eisenhower relayed his doubts about McNarney in a communication with GEN Thomas Handy, Marshall’s deputy chief of staff. Marshall informed Eisenhower, “I would not wish seemingly to force his assignment on you.” Eisenhower never pushed the issue. Marshall to Eisenhower, 7 September 1945, The Papers of George Catlett Marshall, vol. 5, The Finest Soldier, January 1, 1945–January 7, 1947 (Baltimore, 2003), #226. Eisenhower pushed for Smith’s promotion to permanent major general. Eisenhower to Marshall, 11 September 1945, Occupation, #320. 7. Eisenhower to Marshall, 5 September 1945, Occupation, #307. 8. Smith to Marshall, 9 May 1945, GCMP. 9. Eisenhower to Louis Marx, 8 August 1945, Occupation, #242. Marx kept Smith in whiskey during the war. Marx to Smith, 25 January 1944, 1944 Chief of Staff Personal Correspondence, WBSP. 10. Ladislas Farago, The Last Days of Patton (New York, 1981), 211. 11. Carlo D’Este, Patton: A Genius for War (New York, 1995), 762; Patton Diary, 10 August 1945, in Patton Papers, 1940–1945, ed. Martin Blumenson (Boston, 1974), 736. 12. The quote comes from a letter to his wife, but Patton made no effort to disguise his views. Patton to Beatrice Patton, 10 August 1945, Patton Papers, 1940–1945, 735. 13. D’Este, Patton: A Genius for War, 762. Farago goes into considerable detail on Smith’s role. See Farago, Last Days of Patton, chaps. 12, 13. 14. New York Times, 24 September 1945. 15. Kay Summersby, Eisenhower Was My Boss (New York, 1948), 278. 16. “You Don’t Know What You Want,” Time, 8 October 1945. 17. Transcript, Smith press conference, 26 September 1945; copy in GSPP, LOC. 18. The phrase “go to Canossa” alludes to the humiliation of the penitent Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who traveled to the Italian village of Canossa...