Notes
notes introduction 1. United States, Bureau of the Census, Pennsylvania—County—CGT-T1-R. Population Estimates, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_ id=04000US42&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-T1-R&-ds_name=PEP_2006 _EST&-_lang=e n&-redoLog=false&-format=ST-2S&-_sse=on (2 January 2008). 2. Ibid. According to 2000 census figures, Allentown and Erie had 106,000 and 103,000 people, respectively; Harrisburg had 49,000. These towns are the third, fourth, and seventeenth largest places in the state, respectively, while Carlisle is ninety-sixth. 3. Borough leaders advertise Carlisle as a place where one finds “unique architecture, quaint shops, and overall serenity.” Borough of Carlisle, Welcome to the Borough of Carlisle , http://www.carlislepa.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={6590809D-F4BD-4A02 -81A6-520A7893997C} (8 October 2007). 4. For microhistory, see Richard D. Brown, “Microhistory and the Post-Modern Challenge,” JER 23.1 (2003): 1–20; Jill Lepore, “Historians Who Love Too Much: Reflections on Microhistory and Biography,” JAH 88.1 (2001): 129–44. 5. James T. Lemon, The Best Poor Man’s Country: A Geographical Study of Early Southeastern Pennsylvania (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972), 120–21. 6. For Carlisle’s size in 1753, see Tax Rates, Carlisle, 1753. For its rank in Pennsylvania in 1800, see David J. Cuff and others, eds., The Atlas of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 108; Lemon, Best Poor Man’s Country, 125–26. For figures outside Pennsylvania, see United States Bureau of the Census, Table 1. Rank by Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places, Listed Alphabetically by State, 1790–1990, http://www. census.gov/population/documentation/twps0027/tab01.txt (12 October 2007); Christopher E. Hendricks, The Backcountry Towns of Colonial Virginia (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 140. 7. Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790–1830 (Cambridge , Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959; reprint, Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 1 (quote), 27–34. 12704-A Town In-Between (Ridner).indd 215 12704-A Town In-Between (Ridner).indd 215 2/2/10 10:36:11 AM 2/2/10 10:36:11 AM 216 notes to pages 4–8 8. For the north, see John Frederick Martin, Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Founding of New England Towns in the Seventeenth-Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991); William Wyckoff, The Developer’s Frontier: The Making of the Western New York Landscape (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1988). For the south and west, see Hendricks, Backcountry Towns; John Reps, Town Planning in Frontier America (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1980); Lisa Tolbert , Constructing Townscapes: Space and Society in Antebellum Tennessee (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999). 9. Sally Schwartz, “A Mixed Multitude”: The Struggle for Toleration in Colonial Pennsylvania (New York: New York University Press, 1989), chap. 4. See also Henry Glassie, Pattern in the Material Folk Culture of the Eastern United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1968), 1–33; Patrick Griffin, The People with No Name: Ireland’s Ulster Scots, America’s Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World, 1689–1764 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001), 1–5; Liam Riordan, Many Identities, One Nation: The Revolution and Its Legacy in the Mid-Atlantic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007), 1–13; Peter Silver, Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America (New York: W. W. Norton, 2008), chap. 1. 10. Lemon, Best Poor Man’s Country, 13–23, 43–49. See also Richard R. Beeman, The Varieties of Political Experience in Eighteenth-Century America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 204–6; Aaron Spencer Fogleman, Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717–1775 (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996), 80–86; David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 451–603, 633–42; Glassie, Pattern in Material Folk Culture, 36–64, 158–63; Gabrielle M. Lanier, The Delaware Valley in the Early Republic: Architecture, Landscape, and Regional Identity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005). 11. Michael N. McConnell, A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples , 1724–1774 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), introduction–chap. 2. See also Colin G. Calloway, The Shawnees and the War for America (New York: Penguin, 2007), chap. 1; Daniel K. Richter, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001), 168–171; Amy C. Schutt, Peoples of the River Valleys: The Odyssey of...
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