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Acknowledgments Many individuals and offices have assisted in the research and writing of this book. Mr. Raouf Mashayekh and Mrs. Taraneh Larijani were generous with their time and ideas in Dubai, arranging several meetings and interviews for me in the United Arab Emirates. Professor Zehra Arat, of SUNY-Purchase, helped me enormously in my trip to Turkey by setting up several interviews and contacts with scholars in the field of international relations and several NGOs in Istanbul and Ankara. I benefited immensely from interviews with Professor Ihsan Dagi, of the Middle Eastern Technical University in Ankara, Turkey, who also made it possible for me to contact human rights NGOs in Ankara. Professor Mohammad Elahee, visiting professor at the Sadat Academy for Management Sciences in Cairo, Egypt, helped me immensely in my travel to Egypt. I benefited from interviews with Professors Mona El Baradei and Mostafa Elwi Saif at Cairo University and Professors Dan Tschirgi and Tarek Selim at the American University in Cairo. In Iran, I profited from discussions with Professors Mehdi Zakerian, Hossein Daheshiar, and Mahmoud Sariulghalam at the Center for Scientific Research and Middle East Strategic Studies, Tehran. Contacts with Mr. Alireza Taheri, the director of the Organization for Defending Victims of Violence (ODVV), a reputable and active NGO, were enormously helpful. My research assistant, Mr. Ahmad Taghizadeh , proved to be a great asset to me during my stay in Tehran. I am especially grateful to Professor Sean Duffy, of Quinnipiac University , whose insights into the identity perspective were valuable to me and whose comments on the draft manuscript in its entirety were immensely helpful. I would also like to gratefully acknowledge comments made by Ms. Erin Goldin and Professor Dreama G. Moon of California State University– San Marcos; Professor Chris Bettinger and Professor Margaret Leahy from the College of Behavioral and Social Science at San Francisco State University ; and Suzanne Levi-Sanchez of Rutgers University. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Burnet Davis, who kindly read the entire manuscript and offered valuable suggestions. Mr. Tomá Furmánek, of Be-  Acknowledgments havioral and Social Science Computing at San Francisco State University, graciously assisted me in reviewing the copyedited computer files and making the needed revisions. Finally, the generous financial support given to me by Quinnipiac University in recognition of having been selected the school’s outstanding faculty scholar of the year in 2004 made it possible for me to travel to Iran, the United Arab Emirates, and Turkey during the spring of 2005. In preparing my short glossary, I was largely informed by Professor Mir Zohair Husain , Global Islamic Politics, 2nd ed. (New York: Longman, 2003). The ultimate responsibility for the accuracy and academic merit of this manuscript remains mine. ...

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