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1302 Time Line of Key Events in the Ottoman Advance Death of Osman, founder of the Ottoman Dynasty Ottomans ally with Byzantine Empire and begin establishing a foothold in Europe Battle of Kosovo Crusade of Nicopolis defeated by Ottoman forces 1400-1402 Byzantine emperor Manuel II visits Western courts seeking aid against the Ottomans 1439 Union between Eastern Orthodox and Latin churches proclaimed at the Council of Florence 1444 Crusade of Varna defeated by Ottoman forces under Murad II 1451-81 Reign of Sultan Mehmed II 1453 Constantinople besieged and captured by Mehmed II 1458-64 Reign of Pope Pius II; Congress of Mantua (1459-60) and aborted crusade that ends in Ancona with Pius's death 1463 Bosnia annexed by Ottoman Empire 1463-79 Venice at war with Ottoman Empire 1470 Loss of Venetian colony of Negroponte to Ottoman forces 1480 Rhodes successfully defended by Knights of Saint John; Otranto in southern Italy falls to Ottoman invaders 1481 Otranto recovered by Christian forces 1499-1503 Venice at war with Ottoman Empire 1529 Vienna besieged by Suleiman I; successfully defended by Christian forces This page intentionally left blank ...

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