Index
203 Index action validity, 55, 56 active variable, 48 aggregate generalizability, 61 Alexander, Jo Ann C., critique of study by, 97–100, 123–29 alpha levels, 41–42 American Educational Research Association (AERA), 8, 84 American Educational Research Journal , 6 analogue research, 172 Angrosino, M. V., 69–70 Anthropological Association, 83 anthropological research strategies, 6 Anthropology Field Methods in the Study of Education, 84 applicability, 61, 98, 105 attribute variable, 48 audit trail, 60, 98, 105 Barbules, N. C., 25–26 Becker, H. S., 68–69 behavioral consultation study, 106–8, 160–75; collaborative vs. expert consultant relationship, 162–63, 167, 170; discussion, 170–73; independent variables, 167–69; labeling bias, 161–62; participants, 163–64; procedures, 164–67; results, 169 behavioral science, 1, 4 Berliner, David, 58 between-methods triangulation, 88 blind raters, 166 Blumer, H., 2 Boostrom, R., 69 Borg, W. R., 48 bracketing, 86 Brewer, J., 63 Campbell, D. T., 35–36, 40–41, 49–50, 179n. 1; symbols, 43–44, 107 case-study methods, 74–75 causal comparative design, 48 causality, 12, 43; ex post facto research and, 48–49; historical methods and, 79, 82 chain of reasoning, 11 Charmaz, K., 21, 70–71, 72, 73 coding, 71–72 communicative validity, 55, 56 comparability, 85 complementary methods, 63–64 Comte, Auguste, 3 conclusion-oriented studies, 8 conclusions, critique of, 102, 107–8, 128 concurrent validity, 45–46 consistency, 1, 19, 59, 66, 77; epistemological , 112; persistent observation, 58, 97, 104. See also reliability consistency-questions model, 92–97, 93, 95–96, 110–12 constructed effects, 89, 90 constructs, 60 construct validity, 46, 55, 101 consumer of research, 111, 160 context specificity, 49 correlational research, 48. See also ex post facto research Council on Anthropology and Education , 84 credibility, 40, 45, 56, 62, 85 Creswell, J. W., 83 Page locators in italics refer to figures. index 204 criteria, dilemma of, 52 Cronbach, L., 8 Culbert, S. A., 138 Culbertson, J. A., 6 Culture of Schools Program, 83 Curtis, John M., critique of study by, 100–103, 130–42 Daniel, L. G., 52 data, 7, 179n. 4 data-analysis technique, 21, 134–35; grounded theory, 70–74 data collection: reliability in, 46–47; theoretical sampling, 60, 73, 98, 105 decision-oriented studies, 8 deductive reasoning, 22, 23 definitional validity, 45 Denzin, N. K., 24–25, 35, 37, 52, 180n. 4; on qualitative research as term, 19–20 dependent variables, 48, 106, 133–34 derivation of hypotheses, 33 design validity, 36, 40–42; criteria, 57–62 Dewey, John, 4 Diamond, Stanley, 83 Diesing, P., 16 disconfirmability, 4 Donmoyer, R., 61 education: demographic changes in, 143–45; nature of science and research in, 12–15; quantitative paradigm and, 4, 5–6. See also monocultural graduate in multicultural environment Educational Researcher, 8 Egan, K., 112 Eisner, E. W., 37 embodied validity, 54 emerging theory, 73–74 empirical research, 5, 7, 16 epistemological assumptions, 65–66 epistemological consistency, 112 equivalent forms, 42–43, 47 Erickson, Frederick, 30 Ethnographic Interview, The (Spradley ), 77 ethnographic methods, 30–33, 83–85 evidence, 10–11, 18, 28 experimental mortality, 47 expert-judge content validity, 45 explanation, 3, 11–12, 21 exploratory research, 48 ex post facto research, 36, 43, 48–50 external criticism, 80–81 external validity, 24, 36, 41–45, 43; threats to, 49–50, 101 face validity, 45 factor analysis, 46 falsifiability, 16, 20–21 feedback loops, 29, 33–34 Fink, A. S., 78 first impressions, 138, 139 focused coding, 71–72, 73 Foerstner, S. B., 87, 119–22 Fontana, A., 14, 77–78 Fraas, J., 23 Frey, J. H., 14, 77–78 Fuller, Mary Lou, critique of study by, 103–6, 143–59 Gall, J. P., 48 Gall, M. D., 48 Gay, L. R., 68 Gearing, Fred, 84 Geer, B., 68–69 Geertz, Clifford, 2 generalizability, 61–62, 85, 172; consistency -questions model and, 92, 94, 98, 105; threats to, 49–50 Gestalt theory, applied to suicide incident , 97–100, 123–29 Glaser, B. G., 21, 70 Goetz, J. P., 42, 84–85, 89–90 Good, C. V., 79–80, 81 Grant, C. A., 144 Guba, E. G., 25, 40, 52, 56; design validity criteria of, 35–36, 57–62 index 205 Haberman, M., 143 Hakim, C., 76 Hammersley, M., 40, 52–53 Harman, Robert L., critique of study, 97–100, 123–29 historical methods, 5, 44, 78–83 history effects, 89, 90 holistic research, 16, 18–19, 27, 33, 91, 94, 112, 176–77 Howard, D. C. P...
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