Notes
Notes Chapter 1. Coping with Exclusion 1. Fitzpatrick, Journals, Cont. Cong., vol. 28, p. 378; Ill. Dept. Pub. Instruc., 14th Bien. Report, 1880-82, pp. cxx-cxliii. 2. Hill, Journals, Cont. Cong., vol. 32, pp. 340, 343. 3. Buck, Ill. in 1818, pp. 94-96; Harris, Negro Serv., p. 48; Moses, Ill., vol. I, pp. 547-49, vol. 2, pp. 1137-39. 4. U.S. Census, 9th, Pop., 1870, p. 24; 10th, Pop., 1880, pp. 387-88. 5. Patterson, Constitutions, Ohio, pp. 118, 135; Owen, Constitutions, Indiana, pp. 22, 49-51; Ill. Canst. Conv., Journal, 1847, pp. 352-53; Palmer , Personal Recoil., pp. 51-53. 6. Ill. Dept. Pub. Instruc., 4th Bien. Report, 1861-62, p. 105; Pillsbury , "Early Educ., Ill.," 16th Bien. Report, 1884-86, pp. civ-cciii. 7. Ill. Dept. Pub. Instruc., "Report, 1855," in Ill. Gen. Assem., Reports , Reports, 19th Gen. Assem., 1855, pp. 69-72. 8. Ill. Gen. Assem., Reports, Reports, 1844, p. 101. 9. Ohio, Com. Common Schools, Report, 1854, pp. 16-18; Report, 1856, pp. 14-15. 10. Owen, Constitutions, Indiana, pp. 22, 49. 11. Jones, Black Laws, p. 8; Tribune, Nov. 12, 1863; Palmer, Personal Recall., p. 327; Ill. Gen. Assem., Senate, Journal, 19th, 1855, p. 13. 12. Ill. Gen. Assem., Laws and Statutes, Revised Laws, 1833, pp. 55662 ; School Law, 1859; School Laws, 1869. 13. E.g., "An Act to Establish and form the Tuscola Union School District," Ill. Gen. Assem., Laws and Statutes, Priv. Laws, 26th Gen Assem ., 1869, vol. 3, pp. 511- 19; "Rules and Regulations of the Board of Education of the City of Springfield," Springfield Supt. Pub. Schools, 11th Report, 1869, P.72; Ill. Colored Conv., Proceedings, [3rd, 1866], pp. 6,10. 14. Galbraith, Power, pp. 4-6. Notes to Pages 13-22 15. The evidence for these statements is derived from an analysis of the occupations of persons whose "place from" is listed as "Ireland" in Gager, Chicago Dir., 1857. Also from an analysis of the occupations of persons with Irish surnames and of persons deSignated as "colored" in Bailey, Chicago Dir., 1864-5, and Halpin, Chicago Dir., 1865-6. It is interesting to note that in the Tribune, Feb. 2, 1983, Vernon Jarrett, a black columnist, tells blacks to learn lessons of unity and mobilized effort from the example of the "old-time Irish." 16. Purple, Ill. Statutes, 1857, pt. 2, pp. 361, 737, 776-83. 17. Western Citizen, Apr. 5, 1853. The information about Jews is from my analysis of the three Chicago directories cited in n. 15. I identified persons as Jewish if they were listed as officers in Jewish voluntary associations or religious congregations or were mentioned as Jewish in Andreas, Chicago, vol. 1,2, 3. As for my statements about the occupations of the blacks, see the data presented in ch. 7 and the accompanying notes. Chapter 2. Black Efforts at the State Level 1. Tribune and Times, Mar. 12, 1875, May 24, 29, 1879; Jones Papers, Chicago Historical Society; Mrs. John Jones, "Interview." 2. National Colored Conv., Minutes, 1843, p. 8; Proceedings, 1848, pp. 3, 12; Proceedings, 1853, pp. 6, 46. See Howard H. Bell, Minutes, Proceedings , 1830-1864. 3. Tribune, Jan. 2, 1874; Douglass' Paper, Jan. 14, June la, Sept. 12, 1853, Jan. 13, Feb. 17, 1854. 4. Douglass' Paper, Sept. 3, 1852, May 13, June 10, Oct. 28, Nov. 15, 18, Dec. 2, 1853, Jan. 13, Feb. 17, Mar. 24, 1854, Feb. 9, May 18, Oct. 5, Dec. 14, 1855; Liberator, July 27, 1855; Tribune, Jan. 21, 1857; Gager, Chicago Dir., 1857; Ill. Colored Conv., Proceedings, 1853, pp. 5, 11, 12, 19; Proceedings, 1856, pp. 4-5, 10-1 3. 5. Douglass' Paper, Feb. 17, 1854. 6. Alexander, Colonization, p. 89; Dillon, "AntislaveryMovement," pp. 142-43; Ill. State Journal, Aug. 15, 1849, Mar. 21, 1850, Jan. 17, 18, 1851, Jan. 26, 1857; African Repositortj, vol. 21, no. 3 (Mar. 1845), 94-95, vol. 22, no. 3 (Mar. 1846), 73-80, vol. 30, no. 2 (Feb. 1854), 45, voL 34, no. 9 (Sept. 1858), 259-61, voL 46, no. 8 (Aug. 1868), 248-49; Western Citizen, July 2,1850; IlL Gen. Assem., Senate, Journal, 17th, 1851, pp. 63, 86, 141, 246-47; 111. Gen. Assem., House, Journal, 17th, 1851, P.420; Manuscript petitions, Ill. State Archives. 7. Western Citizen, May 4, 1853; Ill. Colored Conv., Proceedings, 1853, pp. 6, 10, 13. 8. IlL Gen. Assem., House, Journal, 19th, 1855, pp. 17-18; Douglass ' Paper, Feb. 9, Mar. 2, 1855. 172...
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