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xi Scholarly research is widely perceived as a solitary act. For archaeologists , whose work is broadly collaborative and often derived from field research, nothing could be further from the truth. Although this project began as my dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley, fellow Colorado archaeologists were my entry into this research. Special mention goes out to Minette Church, whose research weaves throughout this work, and to Richard Carrillo, who has been my mentor for the archaeology of the Spanish borderlands. This project could not have happened without the staff of the U.S. Army’s Directorate of Environmental Compliance and Management (decam) at Fort Carson. They allowed me to access the sites, facilities, and resources of the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site (pcms) and the Fort Carson Curational Facility. Everyone there has been generous with their time and knowledge, especially Kelly Wright, Mike Flowers, Randy Korgel, and Pam Cowen. I would be remiss if I did not specially thank the people of the Purgatoire Valley and its environs. The late Richard Louden was unfailingly generous with his knowledge of the region and his time, as was Paula Manini of the Trinidad History Museum; she opened her doors and files to me. Members of the Hispanic community of the area provided inspiration , support, and invaluable input. This work is in great part a tribute to them, especially Antonio Garcia, Shirley Lyons, Diane Benevides Mason , the late Alice Lopez Russell, and Ralph Salas, all of whom shared their personal and family histories with me. Mrs. Mason in particular provided encouragement, information, and a warm welcome. I would also like to thank the people of Wagon Mound, New Mexico, especially Olivia and Tom Herrera, whose generosity and friendship helped me understand that life in a Hispanic village is, even today, about much more than land use and material culture. My field crews were enthusiastic, patient, and ultimately inspiring. The summer of 2000 field crew was comprised of Lynette Blumhardt, Charles Bowyer, Bill Carr, Sandy DiGuilio, Bruce Duncan, Julie HogAcknowledgments xii Acknowledgments garth, Gil Kane, Nancy Osgood, Wasson Quan, Pam Rasfeld, Steve Richards, Laura Sosnowski, Jenny Storey, and Fiona Vasbinder. Special mention goes to a few of these crew members: Sandy and Wasson put in innumerable hours in my lab back in Berkeley; Bruce and Gil, both civil engineers, vastly improved my site grid; and Pam provided outstanding genealogical and library research. The team was led ably by crew chiefs Dan Trout and Juliana Vivona. Kathleen Corbett was my field assistant and took charge of the more creative aspects of site documentation, including photography and illustration. The field crew for the summer of 2001 worked quickly and on a shoestring budget but was greatly aided by the return of four veterans of the prior year: Bruce, Kathleen, Pam, and Steve. They were joined by Jody Estes, Manuel Cordero-Alvarado, Simi Hoque, and Jennifer Redmond. Jody, an architect and illustrator, produced beautiful drawings of features, one of which is reproduced here. I was lucky to have many undergraduate student lab volunteers at uc Berkeley over the years, including Kathryn Berlin, Blaire Fisher, Lois Haigh, Kat MacDonald, Ashiya McReynolds, Ingrid Newquist, Jennifer Redmond, Jordan Pickrell, Jonah Wajchman, Bryn Williams, and Lauren Zimmerman. Jenn Redmond was a faithful assistant for the entirety of the lab work, a period of over two and a half years. Much of the vessel refitting and all the reconstructions were hers. I am happy to include a few of her artifact illustrations in this book. Other supporters at uc Berkeley were monumental to the success of this project. Faculty members whose influence can be seen in these pages include Professors Laurie Wilkie, Margaret (Meg) Conkey, Paul Groth, M. Steven Shackley, Kent Lightfoot, and Dell Upton. A number of University of California institutions provided essential funding, including urep, uc mexus, the uc Berkeley Anthropology Department, and the Archaeological Research Facility. My conceptualization of this project was shaped at a critical time by my participation in a dissertation workshop run by uc Berkeley’s Center for Race and Gender. Dr. Conkey once told me that I would learn more from my fellow graduate students than I would from my professors. I certainly relied heavily on my Berkeley cohort for advice, expertise, and support. Fellow students Steve Archer, Michael Ashley, Bill Whitehead, Rachel Cane, Laura Scheiber, and Cheryl Smith all lent expertise to this project. But thanks go out to all of them, especially those who shared trials and triumphs in that island of sanity...

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