Living with Strangers: The Nineteenth-Century Sioux and the Canadian-American Borderlands

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 [First Page] [115], (1) Lines: 0 to 62 ——— 8.88402pt ——— Normal Page PgEnds: TEX [115], (1) NOTES The following abbreviations have been used in the notes: aag Assistant Adjutant General; aasb Archives de l’archevêché, Saint-Boniface; ARCIA Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs; ARSW Annual Report of the Secretary of War; bcars British Columbia Archives and Records Service; cia Commissioner of Indian Affairs; co Commanding Officer; ga Glenbow Archives; hbca Hudson’s Bay Company Archives; lr Letters Received; lrcia Letters Received by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs; ls Letters Sent; mhsa Montana Historical Society Archives; nac National Archives of Canada; nara National Archives and Records Administration; paa Provincial Archives of Alberta; pam Provincial Archives of Manitoba; sab Saskatchewan Archives Board; sgia Superintendent General of Indian Affairs; sw Secretary of War Preface 1. Axtell, The Invasion Within, xi. Note on Sioux Groups and Leaders 1. See DeMallie, “The Sioux in Dakota and Montana Territories,” 20–21; Parks and DeMallie, “Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects”; and the Sioux essays in DeMallie, ed., Plains. 2. In some Canadian sources, Big Road is referred to as Broad Tail. This appears to be a simple typographic error. Big Road and Broad Trail are alternate translations of the same name. At some point, a Canadian recordkeeper accidentally dropped the r from Trail, and the incorrect appellation has been perpetuated ever since. Partitioning Sioux History 1. An extensive body of work on cultural borderlands could be cited. For a selection of useful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 [116], (2) Lines: 62 ——— 3.0pt ——— Normal PgEnds: [116], (2) studies providing vistas into “peoples in-between,” see Brown, Strangers in Blood; Van Kirk, Many Tender Ties;White,The Roots of Dependency,and The Middle Ground;Anderson,Kinsmen of Another Kind; Axtell, The Invasion Within; Calloway, Crown and Calumet; Jennings, Empire of Fortune; Dowd,A Spirited Resistance; Seed, Ceremonies of Possession; Adelman and Aron,“From Borderlands to Borders”; and Brooks, Captives and Cousins. 2. Even so, aboriginal peoples understood that there was a geographic component of these borderlands . Those Santees who moved into the Milk River country in the 1860s appear to have believed that the Missouri River was the boundary. See Diedrich, The Odyssey of Chief Standing Buffalo, 82, 110 n. 20. 3. Literature that deals directly with Plains Indians and the Canada–United States boundary is very sparse: in addition to works cited below, see Peterson,“Imasees and His Band”; Dempsey, “Little Bear’s Band”; Hubner,“Horse Stealing and the Borderline”; Hogue,“Disputing the Medicine Line”; McLeod,“Plains Cree Identity”; and Sasges,“Divided Loyalties.” 4. For examples of contraband trade across colonial territorial boundaries, see Collins, “Clandestine Movement”; Asiwaju, ed., Partitioned Africans; and Asiwaju, “Problem Solving along African Borders,” 173–74. 5. DeMallie,“The Sioux in Dakota and Montana Territories.” 6. The expression bordered lands is from Adelman and Aron,“From Borderlands to Borders.” 7. Excellent recent works include Gray, Custer’s Last Campaign; Greene, Yellowstone Command; Hedren, ed., The Great Sioux War; Hutton, ed., The Custer Reader; Fox, Custer’s Last Battle; and Greene, ed., Lakota and Cheyenne. 8. See, e.g., DeMallie’s editions of the Black Elk and Walker materials: DeMallie, ed., The Sixth Grandfather; and Walker, Lakota Belief and Ritual, Lakota Society, and Lakota Myth. Parks and DeMallie discuss the forthcoming fourth volume of Walker material, manuscripts written by George Sword, in “Plains Indian Native Literatures.” DeMallie discusses the place of Lakota texts in ethnohistory in “‘These Have No Ears.’” 9. DeMallie, ed., Plains. 10. For Standing Buffalo’s actions south of the border, see DeMallie, “The Sioux in Dakota and Montana Territories.”For his actions north of the border, see Elias, The Dakota of the Canadian Northwest; and Diedrich, The Odyssey of Chief Standing Buffalo. 11. Anderson, Little Crow, chap. 9. 12. Anderson, Kinsmen of Another Kind, 278. 13. Elias, The Dakota of the Canadian Northwest, chap. 2. 14. Utley, The Lance and the Shield. 15. Kehoe, The Ghost Dance. From Contested Ground to Borderlands 1. A useful account of Sioux-French relations during the final years of the...