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Index Abortion Act (U.K.), 156–57 abortion politics: Biomedical Ethics Advisory Committee and, 206–7; human embryo research and, 129; Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel and, 210–11; oversight of reproductive medicine and, 269; policy debates and, xii, 11; reprogenetics debate and, 265–66, 283–84; rights and, 59n71 Act Respecting Assisted Human Reproduction and Related Research (C-6, Canada), 186–88, 237nn1, 2, 280–81 Act Respecting Assisted Human Reproduction (C-56, Canada), 186 Act Respecting Human Reproductive Technologies (C-47, Canada), 185, 238n2, 280 adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, 27–28 adverse event reports, 30–31 Advisory Committee to the NIH Director, 209 l’Agence de la biomédecine (France), 131 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 284 American Association of Tissue Banks, 78 American Board of Bioanalysis, 78 American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), 66, 77–79, 270, 284 Anderson, W. French, 27 Andrews, Lori, 44, 45, 273 aneuploidy, 94, 259 aneuploidy screening, 155, 157–58 Annas, George, 273 anticloning law, 72 Antinori, Severino, 8 Armstrong, James, 25 ARTs. See assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) Asch Clinic, 238n6 Assisted Human Reproduction Act (Canada): criminal prohibition in, 117; embryo research regulation and, 128; functions of, 186; licensing and, 244; overview of, 130–31; surveys and, 106 Assisted Human Reproduction Agency of Canada, 100–101, 130 assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs): definition of, 64; FDA and, 73–76; outcomes, efficacy, and safety of, 81–82; professional societies and, 76–79; regulation of, 37, 64–65, 79–83; state legislatures and, 71–73; in U.K., 146; U.S. Congress and, 65–71. See also innovation in assisted reproductive technologies Atwood, Margaret, The Handmaid’s Tale, 96 Aubert, François, 132 Australia, 128, 132, 137, 162 Austria, 128 autonomy, respect for, 8, 13 Avery, Oswald, 20 Baard, Erik, 97 Baby Louise (Brown), 93, 114–15, 144, 207 Baby M case, 232 balanced approach to regulation, 119–20 Becker, Gary, 90 Beecher, Henry, 201 Belmont Report, 202–3 Bernal, J. D., 6 Beyleveld, D., 112, 114 Bill C-6 (Canada), 186–88, 237nn1, 2, 280–81 Bill C-13 (Canada), 186, 187 Bill C-47 (Canada), 185, 238n2, 280 Bill C-56 (Canada), 186 bioethics commissions, 199 Biomedical Ethics Advisory Committee, 200, 206–7 Biomedical Ethics in Public Policy, 218 Blaese, R. Michael, 27 Blankley, Tony, 273 blocked exchange approach, 101, 264 Blood, Diane, 241 Bostrom, Nick, 6, 8 Brazier, Margot, 170 Brown, Louise (Baby Louise), 93, 114–15, 144, 207 Brownback, Sam, 110 Brownsword, R., 112, 114 Buck v. Bell, 44–45 Bush, George W., 215, 216, 272. See also President’s Council on Bioethics Califano, Joseph, 67, 208 Canada: Assisted Human Reproduction Agency of Canada, 100–101, 130; Bill C-6, 2, 186–88, 237n1, 2, 280–81; Bill C-13, 186, 187; Bill C-47, 185, 238n2, 280; Bill C-56, 186; criminal prohibitions and, 116–17; focus group data from, 107; impediments to policy implementation in, 188–90; limitations on embryo research in, 137; national worldview of, 178–80, 227–28; permissible activities in, 140; as pluralistic society, 111; religious perspectives in, 109; Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies, 180–85, 279; surveys in, 106, 107; widening frame of debate in, 190–92. See also Assisted Human Reproduction Act (Canada) Canadian Human Rights Commission, 235 Capron, Alexander, 25, 207 Catholic Church, 108 cell nuclear replacement (CNR), 160–62, 164 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), 28, 75–76 Charo, Alta, 119 children: born of reprogenetic techniques, welfare of, 248–50, 253, 260; designer, x–xi; enhancements to, 261–62 China, 133, 140 choice: discourse of, 9–15, 190–92; risk and, 45–46, 51–52 Civil Code of Quebec, 231, 232 Cline, Martin, 52n2 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act, 69, 270 Clinton, Bill: on embryo research, 209; funding for cloning and, 212; HERP and, 215, 269; stem cells and, 213, 215, 272. See also National Bioethics Advisory Commission cloning: in Australia, 162; ban on, 69, 116, 139, 213; in Canada, 131; FDA and, 74–75; federal funding for, 212; reproductive, 108, 116, 139, 160; therapeutic, 105, 160, 165; in U.K., 146–47, 160–68; uses of, 255. See also somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) CNR (cell nuclear replacement), 160–62, 164 College of American Pathologists/ASRM Reproductive Laboratory Accreditation Program, 78 commercialization of reproductive technology, 90, 136 commissions or panels, 199, 217–22. See also specific commissions, committees, and councils common rule, 34 conflict of interest, 31, 138 Congressional Biomedical Ethics...

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