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Acknowledgments It is humbling to reflect on how many people, in how many ways, have contributed to me as I have worked for over ten years on the project which culminates in the publication of this book. I can’t possibly name them all here, but I gladly acknowledge the debt I owe to colleagues, fellow scholars, students, friends, and family. I also recognize that however much help I have received from them, the shortcomings of this book remain entirely my own responsibility. Gerald Grob and John Parascandola read the entire manuscript; they contributed useful commentary and saved me from several errors. Elizabeth Fee provided a very helpful reading of an early version of Chapter 6. I am grateful to several anonymous reviewers whose suggestions sharpened my thinking and led to substantial revision of several chapters. Among my many supportive colleagues in the History Department at Carnegie Mellon University, Mary Lindemann and David Hounshell have been unstinting in providing feedback as the manuscript evolved through several stages. Thanks to Peter Dreyer for his deft and thorough editing and to Jacqueline Wehmueller for her support and wisdom. Guenter B. Risse, chair of the Department of the History of Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco, where I earned my doctoral degree, introduced me to the history of medicine as only a learned scholar and gifted teacher can. Adele E. Clarke was a mentor in many ways: she included me in discussion groups on the sociology of knowledge; she provided meticulous feedback on written work and a steady stream of provocative leads; and, by example and through advice, she helped guide a neophyte scholar in the early stages of a career. I am also grateful to Adele for introducing me to Howard Becker. Meetings of the History of Medicine and Culture Group, sponsored jointly by Guenter Risse and Thomas Laqueur of the University of California, Berkeley, History Department, provided a setting where heated intellectual debate did not prevent warm and enduring friendships from forming. I continue to be grateful for the friendships I formed with David Barnes, Elizabeth Haiken, Robert Martensen, Tina Stevens, and many others. I was fortunate to be at UCSF during the time that Dorothy Porter spent a year there; as a teacher and as a colleague, she set an inspiring example of intellectual excellence combined with personal verve. Conversations ⡢⡡⡢ ⡠⡣⡠ with Ron Roizen introduced me to the field of alcohol studies. I thank Tom Laqueur for suggesting to me that history of medicine was the right field for my interests in graduate study. It saddens me deeply that my graduate advisor, Jack Pressman, did not live to see this book published. His keen intellect and his knowledge of the history of psychiatry and the medical sciences in America exerted a profound influence on the development of this project. In 1997, Sarah Tracy organized a conference on the history of drugs and alcohol in America sponsored by the Philadelphia College of Physicians. Remarkably, this exciting conference brought together historians and sociologists of drugs and alcohol for the first time. Since then, Sarah’s and my ongoing collaboration has been both professionally and personally rewarding. For almost two decades, David Musto’s The American Disease and David Courtwright’s Dark Paradise stood almost alone as serious historical studies of the history of drug laws and drug use in America. I know both Davids have been delighted to witness and support the emergence of a new cadre of historians interested in drug policy, patterns of drug use, and the social and cultural meanings of drugs in America. I am grateful to both of them for their interest in my work and for their deeply knowledgeable criticisms and suggestions. I am deeply grateful to the groups whose financial support helped make my research possible. While a graduate student at the University of California, San Francisco, I received support in the form of University of California Regents Fellowships , the University of California Presidential Fellowship, and grants from the Graduate Division of the University of California, San Francisco and the Diane Linkletter Fund, Department of History of Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. Travel to archives was supported by grants from the Rockefeller Archive Center, the American Institute for the History of Pharmacy, the Wood Institute for the History of Medicine at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. I also received a Faculty Development Grant from the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. In 1993 and 1994...

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