The Socialist Car: Automobility in the Eastern Bloc

Index

239 INDEX Albania, 1 Aleshkov, Nikolai, 109 Alexanderplatz. See Berlin AMO, 172–73, 174–75 architects and town planners. See urban planners and planning Argenbright, Robert, 9 Athens Charter (1943), 7, 93, 94, 96, 114 Auto, 17, 18, 21 Auto:Jugoslavenska revija za automobilizam, 99 Autobasteln. See car tinkering auto mechanics, 156, 174 automobilism, 5, 49, 159–61 automobility: and car culture, 92; and congestion , 101; costs of, 61, 65; definitions of, 9–10, 88, 159, 170; dissemination of, 226n8; in the Eastern Bloc, 10–13, 163, 169; failure of, 121–23; individual, 61, 79; planning for, 88; in post-Soviet Russia, 203; private, 67; and social distinction, 147, 159, 169; socialist, 103, 144, 155, 169; stages of, 159; and trucks, 171, 185; Western, 10, 158, 163 automobilization, 9, 174 auto rallies, 99 auto tourism and tourists, 11, 180 Avtodor, 177 avtoprobegy, 174–75 AvtoVAZ. See VAZ AZNP (Automobilové Závody, Národní Podnik), 7, 8, 20, 24, 26–27 Behind the Wheel (Za rulem), 177, 179, 180, 188, 189, 196–97, 208n40, 233n13 Belgrade, 7; first master plan (1950) for, 93, 95; second master plan (1972) for, 93, 101–3. See also New Belgrade Berggolts, Ol'ga, 176 Berlin (East): Alexanderplatz in, 72, 80–83; Allee der Kosmonauten in, 135–36, 139; Frankfurter Tor/Karl-Marx-Allee in, 80–82; housing in, 132, 134; reconstruction of, 80, 82, 84; resettlement of population of, 134, 138, 225n24 Berlin-Marzahn. See Marzahn Bewegungssystem (movement system), 124–25, 136 Brezhnev, Leonid, 106, 146 camping, 167–68, 190 car culture, 92, 144; American, 161; do-ityourself , 158, 168; in the Eastern Bloc, 13, 143, 163; middle class, 93, 98–99; socialist, 143, 147, 151, 155–56, 161, 169; Soviet, 198; Western , 145, 151, 155, 163, 169; youth, 99 car hierarchies and preferences, 35–36, 40–41, 44, 147–49, 169 car maintenance and repair, 129–30, 153, 158–59, 194. See also car tinkering car rental and sharing, 47, 57–61, 145 car safety, 161 car tinkering, 10, 129, 159–64, 167 Ceaucescu, Nicolae, 148 Chaika, 147, 154 chauffeurs, 52, 216n23 Chevrolet, 7, 153, 154 China, People’s Republic of, 205n2 Chuiskii Highway, 172 cities, 126; centers of, 79, 83–84; Communist ideal of, 71–72, 80, 84–85; as functional system, 74, 220n38; linear model of, 112–15, 122; post-Stalinist, 105–6, 118–19; satellite, 87, 125; socialist, 122, 220n38; Stalinist, 73, 75, 106, 118–19; and tiered system of centers, 86–88. See also Gosstroi; New Towns; public transportation COMECON, 8, 26, 146, 207n25 Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), 94, 114, 122, 220n38 consumption: capitalist, 149; rational, 31; socialist model of, 3, 5, 48–49, 104, 144, 147 Cooke, Catherine, 3 Crvena Zastava, 97 Cuba, 205n2 Czechoslovakia, 7; automobile industry in, 18–20, 29; automobiles in, 18, 21; automobility in, 18, 21; car density in, 9, 24; car production in, 24, 211n42; export of cars from, 25–26; industrial tradition in, 17, 21, 22; marketing of cars in, 27–28; mass motorization in, 21–23, 25; Ministry for General Mechanics (Ministerstvo Veobecného Strojírenství— MVS), 22; Ministry of Transport and Farm Machines (Ministerstvo Automobilového Prûmyslu a Zemêdêlských Strojû), 24; people’s car in, 17–18, 20, 24, 210n27; and Soviet system of industrial administration, 22; technicians in, 20, 22, 25, 27. See also AZNP Dacia, 2, 146, 147, 148, 149–50, 152 David-Fox, Michael, 6 drinking, 178, 179, 183 Drivers (Voditeli, 1950), 179, 181 drivers and driving, 158, 164, 166, 174–76, 177, 191–95; professional drivers, 179, 180. See also chauffeurs; motorists; truckers “Driver’s Song, The” (Shoferskaia pesnia), 182 East Germany. See German Democratic Republic Edensor, Tim, 10, 21 Eigen-Sinn, 11, 130 Fadeev, Aleksandr, 176 Fiat Company, 8, 32, 35 Fića, 97, 99 Finland, 12 Ford, Henry, 29 Fordism, 5, 6, 12 Ford Motor Company, 6, 20, 172 Frankfurter Tor/Karl-Marx-Allee. See Berlin FSO (Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych), 34–35 gasoline, 184, 201 GAZ (Gor'kovskii Avtomobil'nyi Zavod), 172, 176 General Motors, 6, 20 German Democratic Republic (GDR), 4, 143–44; car culture in, 158, 167; car density in, 9; car maintenance in, 10; car production in, 128–29, 147, 160; city centers of, 71; demand for cars in, 160; General Principles of Planning and Design of Socialist City Centers (1960) of, 72; housing in, 131–32; industry of, 127–28; New Towns in, 88; Seven-Year-Plan (1959) of, 72; Socialist Unity Party...