Breaking the Ties That Bound: The Politics of Marital Strife in Late Imperial Russia

Index

277 Index adultery: double standard and, 205, 211–212, 218, 247; as grounds for divorce, 4, 15, 205, 214, 215; by husbands, 95, 211–212, 247; law and, 204–205; male honor and, 45, 208–211, 224; passport denial for, 195, 203–204; popular responses to, 212–214, 225–226, 228; tolerance of, 224–226, 228–230, 231; wife murder and, 210–211; women’s acknowledgement of, 222–224; women’s subjectivity and, 223–224, 230–231 Alexander II (tsar of Russia), 1, 29 Alexander III (tsar of Russia), 1, 27, 31, 120, 125, 126, 203, 254 alimony, 141–142, 233, 258n62, 260 Andreeva, Elizaveta, 64–65 Arsen'ev, K. K., 28 Bakhrushin, Aleksei and Vera, 68 Bashkirtseva, Maria, 137 Bekhterev, Vladimir, 96 Borovikovskii, Aleksandr, 97, 238n14 Budberg, Aleksandr, 21, 27, 256–257, 258, 263, 267, 268 Bychkova, Natalia, 52, 60 chancellery. See Imperial Chancellery for Receipt of Petitions Charcot, Doctor Jean Martin, 65n50 Charter of the Nobility (1785), 103 Chekhov, Anton, writings of, 62, 218 Chernyshevskii, Nikolai, What Is To Be Done?, 56, 136 child custody, 95; the chancellery and, 198, 233, 239, 241–244, 251–259; civil courts and, 233, 238–239, 240–243, 247, 253–259, 268; divorce and, 215; in exchange for passport, 242; in Great Britain, 235, 239, 244; laboring classes and, 242; law of March 12, 1914 and, 233, 241, 260; maternal rights and, 233, 235, 240–241, 244, 259; moral motherhood and, 236–237, 243–244, 247, 258; paternal rights and, 235, 239, 240–241, 244, 245; political radicalism and, 251–253; religious affiliation and, 251; State Senate decisions and, 233, 256; Third Section and, 235–238; in the United States, 235, 239, 244; welfare of child and, 239, 240–241, 244, 256, 258–259; women’s sexual misconduct and, 247. See also child support; children child support, 95, 141–142, 233, 258n62, 260, 268 children: and marital breakdown, 140, 241; parental responsibilities and rights towards, 236, 239–240, 259n66 civil courts: alimony and, 141–142, 268; chancellery rulings and, 29, 198–199, 253–256; child custody and, 233, 238–239, 240–241, 243, 253–259, 268; child support and, 141– 142, 268; expense of, 38; marital separation and, 239, 254, 255; women’s property and, 97–99. See also Justice of the Peace courts Complete Guide, 169 consumerism: culture of, 4, 163, 218–219; women and, 96–97, 144–145, 151, 163 courts of equity, 28–29 courtship, 53, 65–66, 69 culture, as marker of status, 170–171 despotism: familial, 57–58, 73, 79, 158, 160, 170; marital, 169–170, 199; political, 103, 170, 177 D'iakonova, Elizaveta, 34, 219n51 divorce: child custody and, 215; consequences of, 15, 215, 216; difficulty of, 4, 15, 215, 260–261; expense of, 38; gendered power and, 214–218; grounds for, 4, 15, 205, 214, 215; male gallantry and, 216 Dobroliubov, Nikolai, 29–30, 56, 70, 72 domestic servants, 174; as marker of status, 165–166, 174–175 domestic violence: alcohol abuse and, 126; chancellery officials and, 120–123, 125–128, 130; elite ideas about, 102–104, 121–122; Justice of the Peace courts and, 105–112; laboring classes and, 101–102, 104, 112–120, 129–130; legal system and, 278 : : : Index 105–106, 108–109; in men’s counternarratives , 113–117, 120, 181–182; middling classes and, 102, 181–182, 199; nobles and, 103–104; peasants and, 101–102, 106–108, 121–122, 128; popular critiques of, 117, 120; privileged women and, 112, 122; Russian backwardness and, 104–105; sexual anxiety and, 113, 115, 116–117; townspeople and, 102, 121–122, 128; and women’s property, 91–92, 95–96, 113–114 domesticity: absence of, 152–153, 161; chancellery officials and, 195–196, 199–200, 265; characteristics of, 44, 46, 161–162, 166; cult of, 99, 160–163, 166, 199–200; influence of, 82, 84, 99, 161, 168, 199–200; role of servants in, 165–166, 174–175; and social status, 7–8, 162, 165–166, 174–175; women’s purported neglect of, 185–186, 190–191, 196. See also motherhood; separate spheres Domostroi, 165, 166 dowry, 58–60, 71, 76; control over, 81, 82, 87–89, 90–92, 99; ideas about, 63, 83–84, 87, 99; legal status of, 81, 82; prescriptive literature and, 84–87. See also property rights of women dvorniki, 213 Enlightenment ideas, 50, 54, 103 fashion. See consumerism fatherhood, 249 fathers: assumption of paternal rights, 245; political denunciations and, 251–252; selfpresentations of, 249–251 feminists, 18, 178, 218...