Education, Empowerment, and Control: The Case of the Arabs in Israel

Tables

TABLES 1.1 Birth Rates, Death Rates, and Natural Increase of the Arab Population in Palestine in Selected Years during the Mandatory Period by Religion 16 1.2 Age Structure of the Population of Palestine by Sex and Religion in 1926 and 1944 17 1.3 The Urban Population in Palestine by Religion (1860-1946) 18 1.4 Total Fertility Rates among Arabs in Israel by Religion as Compared with Jews (1955-1990) 20 1.5 Age Structure of the Arab and the Jewish Population over Time (1955-1990) 21 1.6 Persons Aged 14 and over by Group and Years of Schooling over Time 22 1.7 Distribution of Arab Vote over Time 32-33 2.1 Schools, Students, and Teachers in Government and Private (Arab Muslim) Schools in Palestine by the End of the Ottoman Period (1914/1915) 42 2.2 The Development of the Educational System within the Arab Population in Palestine during the Mandatory Period by School Administration 43 2.3 The Development of the Private Educational System among Muslims and Christians during the Mandatory Period (1921-1945) 45 xiii xiv EDUCATION, EMPOWERMENT, AND CONTROL 2.4 School Attendance in Palestine in the School Year 1935/36 by Religion 46 2.5 Number of Arab Pupils Who Applied to Enter Elementary Government Schools in Contrast to Those Who Entered (1933-1946) 51 2.6 Male and Female Pupils in the Public School System in Selected Years during the Mandatory Period 51 2.7 The Hebrew Public System 54-55 3.1 Departments in the Ministry of Education without Arabs (1983) 70 4.1 Schools in the Arab and the Hebrew Educational Systems over Time 80 4.2 Percentage of General Matriculation Examinees in Four Examination Units or More in 1988/89 85 4.3 Pupils in Arab Educational Institutions over Time 87 4.4 Arab and Jewish Pupils in Schools Age 6-17 by Sex (1970-1991) 90 4.5 Arab and Jewish Pupils in Secondary Schools over Time by Track 93 4.6 Arab Pupils in Private and Public Schools in Selected Years (1945/46-1989/90) 96 4.7 Christian and Muslim Pupils in the Private Schools of Nazareth by Level of Education (1991/92) 101 5.1 Number of Classrooms Delivered to Arab Schools and Percentage Shortage (1978-1989) 106 5.2 The Shortage of Classrooms in the Arab Sector by School Level (1989) 108 5.3 Selected Welfare and Educational Services in Jewish Primary Schools (1988/89) 110 5.4 Educational Conditions and Services by Type of Municipal Status, 1989 112 6.1 Percentage of the Total Hours Devoted to General, Jewish, and Arab History in Hebrew and Arab Secondary Schools 130 Tables xv 6.2 Number of Hours Allotted to Arabic and Hebrew Language and Literature in Arab Schools (1965 and 1973) as Compared to Teaching of Hebrew in Hebrew Schools (1973) 135 6.3 Number of Hours Devoted to Religious Teaching in Jewish and Arab Schools in Israel in the Old Curriculum 139 6.4 The Compulsory Items in the History Curriculum for Arab and Hebrew Schools in the New Curriculum 146 7.1 Arab Teachers over Time by Education 155 7.2 Arab and Jewish Teachers in Primary and PostPrimary Schools by Education (1980/81, 1985/86) 156 7.3 Arab and Jewish Students in Teachers' Seminaries in Selected Years 158 7.4 Percentage of Women among the School Teachers in Arab and Hebrew Schools over Time by Level of Education 160 8.1 Arab and Jewish Students in Israeli Universities (1956-1990) 193 8.2 Arab University Graduates in Israel by Degree and Sex (1983) 196 8.3 Arab Students at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem by Faculty School and Degree (1987) 197 8.4 Arab University Graduates by Degree and Religion (1983) 198 8.5 Definition of Variables 200 8.6 Means and Standard Deviation by Religion 200 8.7 Logit Regression of Post-Secondary Education for Muslims and Christians 201 8.8 Arab and Jewish University Graduates by Occupation (1983) 205 8.9 Arab Graduates by Work Status, Degree, and Gender 210 ...