Hindu Bioethics for the Twenty-first Century

Notes

N O T E S INTRODUCTION 1. Joseph Fletcher, Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (New York: Prometheus Books, 1979), p. 1. 2. Daniel Callahan, “Biomedical Ethics Today,” Update, Vol. 1, Number 4, 1985, p. 3. 3. K. Danner Clouser, “Bioethics,” in Encyclopedia of Bioethics, W. T. Reich, ed. (4 Vols.; New York: The Free Press, 1978), Vol. 1, p. 116. 4. Quoted in Gordon M. Goldstein, “In a Changing World, a New Dawn for Ethics,” New York Times, April 11, 1993. 5. Jack W. Provonsha, “Religion and the Bioethical Enterprise,” Update, Vol. 2, Number 1, 1986, p. 2. 6. Kenneth L. Vaux, “Topics at the Interface of of Medicine and Theology,” Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions, Martin E. Marty and Kenneth L. Vaux, eds. (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982), pp. 185–215. 7. Seymour Siegel, “Bioethics and Judaism,” Sinai, Sept. 1987, p. 5. 8. Prakash N. Desai, Health and Medicine in the Hindu Tradition (New York: Crossroad, 1989), p. 66. 9. Ibid. 10. Damien Keown, Buddhism and Bioethics (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995), p. ix. CHAPTER 1. HINDU ETHICS 1. K. N. Upadhyaya, “Dharma as a Regulative Principle,” p. 1 (unpublished paper). 2. KaÓtha Up. 2.24 in Robert E. Hume, trans. The Thirteen Principal Upanishads , 2d. revised ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 350. 3. Sribhasya iv.1.13. 4. S. K. Saksena, “Philosophical Theories and the Affairs of Men,” The Indian Mind, Charles E. Moore, ed. (Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1967), pp. 33,34. 5. S. K. Maitra, The Ethics of the Hindus (Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, 1925), p. 1. 6. R. V. X. cxv11.5 Crawford: Hindu Bioethics page 199 Crawford 113-198-226 8/21/03 11:37 AM Page 199 7. A. L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India (New York: Grove Press, 1954), p. 171. 8. S. K. Saksena, Essays on Indian Philosophy (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1970), p. 40. 9. Manu IV.176. 10. Ibid. 11.12. 11. Brh. Up. 2.4.1–3. 12. A. L. Basham, Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture (New York: Asia Publishing House, 1970), p. 6. 13. M. K. Gandhi, Young India, Sept. 22, 1927. 14. Mbh. 111. clxxx.2.25. 15. K. N. Upadhyaya, Early Buddhism and the Bhagvadg¯ıt¯a (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass , 1971), p. 507. 16. Maitra, op. cit., p. 18. 17. Manu. 18. Maitra, op. cit., p. 5. 19. BG V.25 in The Bhagvadg¯ıt¯a, S. Radhakrishnan, trans. (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1948), p. 184. 20. BG 11.34. 21. BG iv.21–22. 22. M. Hiriyanna, Outlines of Indian Philosophy (London: Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1970), p. 121. 23. BG 11.47. 24. Hiriyanna, loc. cit. 25. M. K. Gandhi, Young India, May 27, 1926, p. 189. 26. Chandogya Up. 111.17.4. 27. Yoga Sutras 11.31. 28. M. K. Gandhi, Harijan, January 30, 1937. 29. M. K. Gandhi, Young India, June 8, 1921. 30. M. K. Gandhi, From Yervada Mandir, 2d. ed. (Amhedabad: Nava Jivan Press, 1935), p. 13. 31. Tom L. Beauchamp, “Ethical Theory,” Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters, eds. (Belmont, Calif.:Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1978), p. 2. 32. Bimal K. Matilal, “Moral Dilemmas: Insights from Indian Epics,” in Moral Dilemmas in the Mah¯abh¯arata, B. K. Matilal, ed. (New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass , 1989), p. 8. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid., p. 9. 35. Ibid. 36. Ibid. 37. Ibid. Mbh. Santi. 34.16–32; 109.13–15; 141.39; 142.9. 38. Manu 11.11–21. 39. M. Hiriyanna, Popular Essays in Indian Philosophy (Mysore: Kavyalaya Publishers, 1952), p. 14. Crawford: Hindu Bioethics page 200 200 Notes Crawford 113-198-226 8/21/03 11:37 AM Page 200 CHAPTER 2. INDIAN MEDICINE 1. A. L. Basham, “The Practice of Medicine in Ancient and Medieval India,” Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study, Charles Leslie, ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976), p. 18. 2. Jean Filliozat, The Classical Doctrine of Indian Medicine (Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1964), pp. 86–87. 3. R. V. X. 97.6 4. Henry R. Zimmer, Hindu Medicine (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1948), p. 9 ff. 5. Kenneth G. Zysk, Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), vide chapters 1, 2. 6. Ibid., p. 33. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid., p. 118. 10. Basham, Asian, op cit., p. 20. 11. J. Filliozat, The...