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ix Acknowledgments A project of this magnitude never represents only the efforts of one person. Along the way, many people helped me in various ways, some of which are evident in these pages, and others, while not necessarily apparent, were nonetheless instrumental, if only through their contribution in the effort to preserve my sanity. I would like to thank the following individuals. First, I am indebted to Bob Hanneman, for his support throughout the years. He is without question the finest teacher I have ever known. He’s probably also the smartest person I will ever encounter. Words cannot express the debt I owe to Bob for shaping me as a scholar and a teacher. Similarly, Austin T.Turk has taught, guided, and challenged me to be a better theorist and scholar. A seemingly innocuous notation on the margin of a manuscript would sometimes send me reeling off into weeks of research—which would manifest itself as a single sentence or note in the manuscript, but one that ultimately became essential to the argument I was making at the time. He’s been doing this to graduate students for years. I hope the others appreciate and grow from it as much as I have. I am grateful to Bob Figlio for his input in the early stages of this project. Thanks also to Shaun Bowler, who I managed to trick into giving me a lot of help and guidance during later stages. Much of the work on this book was completed while I was a graduate student in residence at the sociology department at the University of California, Riverside. I would like to thank the department staff for their assistance over the years: Renee DeGuire,Terry DeAnda, and Cathy Carlson. Anna Wire deserves extra thanks, not just for the myriad ways in which she assists the graduate students , but for being such a wonderful and supportive friend. I am also especially grateful to Robin Whittington for her extensive assistance in securing and administering funding to support this research. Validation data were provided by the California Criminal Justice Statistics Center (CJSC) and by the California Department of Corrections. Linda Nance of the CJSC was especially helpful. I am also grateful to Helen Ross and Alexis Alvarez, who both provided invaluable last-minute assistance with data entry. Alex Muentz deserves special thanks for being extraordinarily supportive and understanding of the long hours and occasional fits of short temper that preparing a manuscript for production entails, and for loving me in spite of these things. I was fortunate to receive the generous support of the National Institute of Justice for this research. This project was supported by grant number 1999-IJCX -0043, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs , U.S. Department of Justice.The points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. x Acknowledgments ...

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