Early Mesoamerican Social Transformations: Archaic and Formative Lifeways in the Soconusco Region

Index

281 index agroforestry, 31 Altamira, 223f, 224–225 altars, 181–182, 182f animal masks, 254f, 255 animals, as food source, 3 aquatic fauna, 5. See also fish; shell mounds; subsistence Aquiles Serdán, 223f, 225 archaeological sites, 3, 4f, 5f. See also specific sites Archaic adaptations, 3. See also Chantuto people Archaic state, La Blanca as, 171, 184 Archaic to Formative transition, 3–6, 67–90, 245 adaptive transformation, 67, 87 agricultural intensification, 67, 68, 69, 87, 89 aquatic animal recovery, innovations in, 68, 87–88 Archaic estuary fish foraging and clam processing in, 88 at special-purpose estuary sites, 71–72 Barra phase, tecomate use in, 73 Early Formative agricultural shift in, 67 climatic drying in, 68–69 estuary fish and clam foraging in, 88 geography and climate of, 69 interregional features of, 67 intersite assemblage variation in, 89 locally distinctive readaptations in, 68 pottery in, 69 salt production in, 70, 88 sedimentary and pollen records in, 67 settlement relocation in, 88–89 Acapetahua zone, 4f, 12–14, 16, 28, 30, 36, 39, 51, 54, 55, 56, 71–72, 87, 249, 250, 274 agency, and household differentiation, 178 aggrandizer model, 7–8, 121–122 agriculture, 3–6. See also plant use in Archaic to Formative transition, 68, 69, 87, 89 changing role of, 59–63 in Chiquiuitan subsistence tradition Early Formative, 208 Middle Formative, 204 in Early Formative, shift in, 67 Lacandón Maya, 32, 33, 35 origins of, 3, 6, 207 predominance of, 48 resources for, 47 transition to, 262–263 agriculture and the changing role of plants avocado. See avocado (Persea americana) beans. See beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) data sources, 59 in estuary zones, 61t, 62 gaps in the record, 59–60 geographical categories, 59, 61t intraregional trends, 59–61, 61t lack of systematic evidence, 62–63 in Late Archaic Chantuto, 61–62, 61t Guatemala, 60–61 maize. See maize (Zea mays) cultivation mobile subsistence-settlement system, 60, 62 tree species cultivation, 59 Citations ending with a “t” indicate a table; those with an “f” indicate a figure. 282 index ballcourt at Paso del la Amada. See also Paso del la Amada ceremonial center and, 122 construction of, 113–114 discovery and excavation of, 110–113, 111f, 112f, 119, 120 social history of, 114–116 Barra phase, 14, 73 beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), 49t, 50 aggregated data on, 61t cultivation of, 59 in Early Formative Mazatán, 55–56, 56t preservation of, 63 burials, at Paso de la Amada, 108, 116n, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135 adult, 127, 135 infant, 105, 108 platform-top, 140 cacao (Theobroma cacao), 3, 49t early cultivation of, 57 in Early Formative, Mazatán, 56–57 importance of, 63 calendrical glyphs, in household differentiation, 182, 183f Cantileña-Manchón patterns, Jocotal phase, 221t, 228–230, 239t Cantón Corralito, 4f, 5f, 9, 15, 17, 57, 72–73, 77, 84, 86, 147, 153, 159–165, 170, 178, 206, 207, 218, 221, 223f, 235, 248, 257, 264, 275 Caribbean plate, 149 catfish, marine (Ariidae), 36–37, 87 Central American hazards cyclogenesis (cyclones), 149–150 mass wasting, 149 plate tectonics, 149 Central American Volcanic Arc, 150 ceremonial center Clark on, 119 definition of, 119–120 Paso de la Amada as. See Paso de la Amada ceremonial construction, at La Blanca, 172–175, 173f Cerro de las Conchas, 4f, 12, 40–43, 51, 57, 71, 78, 79 Chantuto people, 13f, 14 annual cycle of, 36–42 at Cerro de las Conchas, Middle Archaic, 40 at El Chorro shell mounds, terminal Late Archaic, 38–40, 39f fish at Middle Archaic vs. Late Archaic sites, 40–42, 41t, 42f fish species and procurement in, 36–38, 37f gender-based subsistence and mobility changes in. See subsistence and mobility, gender-based model for Archaic Archaic to Formative transition (continued) site characteristics in, 71, 71f tecomates, round-bottom, 73, 88, 89 Early Formative special-purpose sites, 71–74 Early Formative tecomate-dominant sites, 72–76 classic interpretation, 74–75 collecting at estuary field camps, 76 generalized foraging, 76 part-time occupation specialization, 75–76 resources produced, 75 and El Varal, 69–71, 70f, 76–86. See also El Varal faunal diversity and the collecting model, 81, 83–84 large-scale spatial patterning, 273 pottery, 67, 68, 69, 87–89. See also tecomate sedentism, 67, 69, 87–90 tecomate- and dish-dominant sites, contemporaneity of, 73f, 74 archipelago of complexity, 242–266, 274, 275 in second millennium b.c. Mesoamerica depictions (maps) of, 243–245...