Are We Ready?: Public Health since 9/11

Notes

NOTES 1 6 3 PREFACE 1. Texas State Senator Leticia Van de Putte, telephone interview by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, September 12, 2005. 2. Jane Bullock, quoted in S. B. Glasser and J. White, “Storm Exposed Disarray at the Top,” Washington Post, September 4, 2005, A1. 3. Timothy J. Roemer, quoted in ibid. INTRODUCTION 1. Richard Jackson, interview by David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, May 17, 2002. All subsequent quotations from Jackson are from this interview. 2. Jeffrey Koplan, telephone interview by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner , June 30, 2004. 3. T. G. Thompson, “Bioterrorism: We Are Prepared, But We Can Do Better ,” Vital Speeches of the Day 68, no. 1 (2001): 6–8. 4. Gene Matthews, telephone interview by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, July 6, 2004. 5. For these working definitions of the scope of public and population health, we have depended on D. M. Fox, “Populations and the Law: The Changing Scope of Health Policy,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31 (2003): 607–14. 6. James Hughes, telephone interview by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner , October 12, 2004. 1. SEPTEMBER 11 AND SHIFTING PRIORITIES 1. D. M. Fox, foreword to Public Health Administration: Principles for Population-Based Management, edited by L. F. Novick and G. P. Mays (Gaithersburg , Md.: Aspen, 2001), p. xix. 2. J. L. Bruno, “New York’s Emergency Response Plan Tested by Terrorism,” Spectrum: The Journal of State Government, Fall 2001, pp. 7–8. 3. In addition to devoting resources to the existing public health infrastructure , New York supported the development of the Health Insurance Plan of New York (HIP) and Blue Cross; the expansion of health department clinics, public hospitals, and public housing; the nation’s largest public university system; and what was, until the 1980s, often considered a generous welfare system. See, for the post–World War II years, J. Freeman, Working-Class New York: Life and Labor since World War II (New York: New Press, 2000). 4. Richard Gottfried, interview by Valerie Kiesig, July 10, 2002; subsequent quotations from Gottfried are from this interview. The original states in the compact were California, Wyoming, Hawaii, and Arkansas. 5. Kelly McKinney, interview by Sheena Morrison, June 12, 2002. All subsequent quotations from McKinney are from this interview. 6. Doris Varlese, interview by Valerie Kiesig, July 22, 2002. All subsequent quotations from Varlese are from this interview. 7. Susan Waltman, interview by Valerie Kiesig, July 22, 2002. 8. Richard Jackson, interview by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, May 17, 2002. 9. Susan Blank, interview by Nancy VanDevanter, January 3, 2002. All subsequent quotations from Blank are from this interview. 10. Lucindy Williams, interview by Sheena Morrison, May 28, 2002. All subsequent quotations from Lucindy Williams are from this interview. 11. Isaac Weisfuse, interview by David Rosner, January 14, 2002. All subsequent quotations from Weisfuse are from this interview. 12. Benjamin Mojica, interview by David Rosner, January 16, 2002. Subsequent quotations from Mojica are from this interview. 13. New York City Department of Health, Office of Public Affairs, “In Response to the World Trade Center Disaster,” press release, September 16, 2001 (available at www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/press_archive01/pr79–916.shtml; accessed December 6, 2005); Thomas R. Frieden, Commissioner, NYC Department of Health, and Joel A. Miele, Commissioner, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, and Climate Change, 107th Cong., 2nd sess., February 11, 2002 (available at www.nyenvirolaw.org/ PDF/DOH-DEP-2-11-02-TestimonyForSenateHearing.pdf; accessed December 6, 2005). Because it was displaced from its headquarters, the department oversaw the re-creation of a system to collect and protect vital records, including birth and death certificates. 14. Andrew Goodman, interview by Nancy VanDevanter, January 2, 2002; Goodman, post-interview comments, November 7, 2002. 15. McKinney interview. 1 6 4 / N O T E S T O PA G E S 6 – 1 6 16. The entire infrastructure of public health training was threatened as well. In the 1980s, many schools of public health had seemed on the brink of closure, including those at Harvard and UCLA; since then, these institutions have recovered and the number of schools of public health has indeed increased, not fallen. In New York, it was not until the late 1990s that Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health gained a relatively stable source of income, after the...