The Strange and Terrible Visions of Wilhelm Friess: The Paths of Prophecy in Reformation Europe

Notes

169 Notes  Introduction 1. Barnes, Prophecy and Gnosis, 2. 2. McGinn, Antichrist, 277. 3. Many of these figures have been addressed by entire scholarly books, including McGinn, Antichrist; Möhring, Der Weltkaiser der Endzeit; Petersen, Preaching in the Last Days. 4. Smoller, History, Prophecy, and the Stars, 105–6. 5. See Leppin, Antichrist und Jüngster Tag, 179–82 (or, more extensively, 179– 205). 6. Virdung, Practica von dem Entcrist (VD16 V 1302), 8v: “dar umb wan wir sehen das dise ding kumen alß sich leyder yntzunt ir vil erzeigenn / nemlich mit den durcken und den geistlichen und dem opffer und emptern der kirchen etc. so wissen wir dan das der Entcrist und die letzt zeit nohe ist.” Throughout, transcriptions from unedited sources follow the principles of transcription described in appendix 1, and a double virgule divides lines of verse. Translations are my own. 7. Pettegree, Book in the Renaissance, 72. 8. The account here of astrology and prophecy in print summarizes the more extensive discussion in Green, Printing and Prophecy. 9. Kurze, Johannes Lichtenberger, 68. 10. The numbers of editions given here and elsewhere are based on careful scrutiny of VD16 and library catalogs, verified wherever possible through consulting facsimiles. On Luther’s prophetic profile after his death, see Kolb, Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, and Hero. 11. Apart from brief mention in Barnes, Prophecy and Gnosis, and Leppin, Antichrist und Jüngster Tag, secondary literature is quite sparse on Severus, Jordan, Füger’s excerpt of Lactantius, and the prophecy that circulated under Hilten’s name in the later sixteenth century. 12. The most extensive treatment of Friess to date is Barnes, Prophecy and Gnosis, 170 • Notes to Pages 11–15 81–82, 234, 285 n. 57. Friess is otherwise referred to only briefly in Freytag, Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit, 1:5; Sandblad, De eskatologiska föreställningarna, 135; Efron, “Nature, Human Nature, and Jewish Nature in Early Modern Europe,” 40 n. 18; Dixon, “Popular Astrology and Lutheran Propaganda in Reformation Germany,” 404, 405–6; Leppin, Antichrist und Jüngster Tag, 65 n. 51; Beyer, “George Reichard und Laurentius Matthaei,” 306 n. 30; Green, Printing and Prophecy, 67, 154, 219 n. 19. Chapter 1 1. The description here of Jacob van Liesvelt’s death follows Francois, “Jacob van Liesvelt,” 341–55. 2. Fühner, Die Kirchen- und die antireformatorische Religionspolitik Kaiser Karls V., 347–52. 3. This account of Antwerp’s history follows Marnef, Antwerp in the Age of Reformation , 3–22. 4. Francois, “Jacob van Liesvelt,” 355. 5. Francois, “Jacob van Liesvelt,” 351–52. The Bible edition in question is NB 3704. 6. Francois, “Jacob van Liesvelt,” 353. Kronenberg (Verboden boeken en opstandige drukkers in de Hervormingstijd, 135) describes the Troostinge der goddelycker scryft as a work of the German theologian Caspar Huberinus. 7. Olthoff, De boekdrukkers, boekverkoopers en uitgevers in Antwerpen, 2, 63. 8. Smit, Kalliope in de Nederlanden, 2:253–54. 9. Marnef, Antwerp in the Age of Reformation, 178, 181. 10. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 4. 11. See Duke, Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries, 161–62; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 140–52. 12. Pettegree, Emden and the Dutch Revolt, 20. Nierop’s “Censorship and Illicit Printing” provides an overview of censorship in the Netherlands in the sixteenth century . 13. Marnef, Antwerp in the Age of Reformation, 24–25, 188. 14. Duke, Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries, 158; Marnef, Antwerp in the Age of Reformation, 43. 15. Duke, Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries, 162; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 152. 16. See Müller, “Zensurforschung,” 334. 17. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 158, 184. 18. Jaspers, Savonarola (1452–1498) in de Nederlanden, 60. 19. Doedes, “Nieuw merkwaardigheden uit den oude-boeken-schat,” 224–42. The 1548 edition of Historien ende prophecien uut der Heyligher Schriftueren verciert met suyverlike beeldinghen ende devote ghebeden is NB 3925, while the 1555 edition is unrecorded. 20. Doedes, “Nieuw merkwaardigheden uit den oude-boeken-schat,” 230: “Si crijghen doverhant dye ghene, die uwen Cristum hier verdrucken in sinen litmaten ”; “Mer sie vervolgen ooc nu den genen, die hen lieden die warachticheyt seggen derf . . . ende si verstootense (namelijk: die boden van uwer waerheyt) en verachtense waer si connen. Die ander vangense, sie hangense, ende hen wort soo veel verdriets aengedaen, datter schier niemant meer spreken en derf . . .” (ellipses as found in Doedes’s quotation); “Siet doch neder, alder miltste Heere, hoe...