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would never have recognized or understood. So did the store and tavern keeper, because it was only too evident where the drunken sniper had gotten the liquor that inspired his spontaneous act. David Spencer, in a letter to Cornelia’s mother, concluded, “I have no murmuring or repining thoughts; the terrible stroke has touched the apple of my eye and torn from me the dear companion of my life, her upon whom I leaned for counsel, my interpreter, the instructor of our mission boys, and the faithful mother of our children. Toward the wretched murderers I have no feelings but those of pity and compassion . I bless God that another saint has gotten safe home to glory; and that the blow has fallen upon one of the very few in this region who we have reason to believe are prepared as yet for aft exchange of worlds. “In regard to the future, I have no plans; nor do I conjecture what designs the Lord may have in respect to me and mine. Until brother Barnard returns, my duty is plain: to stay on the ground, secure the crop, and take care of the mission premises. Then if the season not be too far advanced, it is possible that it may be thought best to go back to the State this fall with my two eldest children, and I know of no one other than yourself with whom I would be willing to entrust them. They are with me yet; but the babe is being cared for by friends in the village.” He returned with Mr.Kittson (a merchant),with several hundred carts of furs and skins, bringing the Indian woman who had been entrusted with the care of the young babe. The two little girls were seated with the nurse in the cart, while for infant Brainard, a swing was suspended from the high axle under the body of the cart. It was carried all the way across the plains to St. Paul, a distance of about four hundred miles. Though the Spencer tribe moved away soon after, Cornelia was never completely forgotten by the small settlement, which later became part of North Dakota. Nelia’s headstone stood with several others in an area of the Walhalla cemetery, later marked as “Walhalla Martyrs.” The site remains today in a little tree-shaded corner of the cemetery, surrounded by a low concrete wall. Benzonia: A Congregationalist Utopia michiganders will demonstrate locations on the Lower Peninsula by holding up a hand, ‹ngers together, thumb extended to the right. At the tip of the little ‹nger lies the region known as Sleeping 6 Bear Dunes. Much of the surrounding coastline is still diverse in plant and animal life; while the wolves, cougars, and elk have departed, the deer, raccoons, beavers, and squirrels remain. Some shoreline is rocky, much as the glaciers left it. Other sections are sandy, and some have developed into natural harbors where a river once broke the border of the lake and then widened. Some of these were completely sealed off by the moving sand and gravel of the shoreline and became small inland lakes, ponds, and swamps. Early Europeans came in long heavy canoes. In their own language these latter called themselves “voyageurs,” and they traded with the Indians for furs. The voyageurs followed the shoreline, collecting furs and moving on, but they made note of particularly rich areas to visit on their future circuits of the lake. South of Sleeping Bear, the shoreline resembled , to them, the sawed-off beak of a bird of prey, so they named the area Point Aux-bec-Sies, meaning “sawed beak point” or “blunt beak point,” later to be called Betsy Point. The voyageurs were followed, in the early 1800s, by settlers, this time over land, from the south and east. As they did elsewhere on the continent , the white-skinned people managed, over time, to in‹ltrate and to appropriate the land that had formerly been shared by the red-skinned people. In 1850 the state of Michigan revised its constitution, declaring its people “of Indian descent” to be citizens. The land, which the “new citizens” were allowed to stay on for ‹ve years, until they could be relocated, was appropriated by the government to confer on its citizens of European descent as it wished. The government generously offered to relocate its original citizens to land beyond the Mississippi River. Disgusted by the paucity of the land offered to them (much...

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