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Introduction This book enables the reader to examine the basic values and attitudes of the peoples of more than 40 societies around the world. Based on the 1990-93 World Values Survey, it provides standardized cross-cultural measures of people's values and goals concerning politics, economics, religion, sexual behavior, gender roles, family values, and ecological concerns. These surveys cover a broader range of variation than has ever before been available for analyzing the belief systems of mass publics. They provide data from representative national samples of the publics of more than 40 societies representing 70 percent of the world's population and covering the full range of variation, from societies with per capita incomes as low as $300 per year, to societies with per capita incomes of more than $30,000 per year; from long-established democracies to authoritarian states; and from societies with market economies to societies that still had state-run economies at the time of the survey; and from societies that were historically shaped by a wide variety of religious and cultural traditions, from Christian to Islamic to Confucian. The 1990 World Values survey was carried out in Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany (with separate samples in the East and West regions). Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, greater Moscow, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States.I This sourcebook enables the reader to compare the responses to almost 350 questions across societies covering the full spectrum of economic, political, and cultural variation. It also enables the reader to examine the differences between the responses of men and women in each society; and to examine generational differences; and differences linked with education; and whether the respondent identifies with the Left, Center, or I In addition to a representative national sample from Russia, the 1990-1993 World Values Survey obtained a supplementary sample from greater Moscow. Though Moscow has a higher economic and educationallevel than the rest of Russia, the results from the two samples generally differ only marginally. Since survey research was still relatively new in the countries of the former USSR when these surveys were carried out, it is reassuring that the two samples (carried out independently by two different survey research organizations) provide generally similar findings. Within Russia, greater Moscow is a very distinctive region. But in global perspective we would expect to find that the results from Moscow would be in the same ballpark as those from Russia-and we do. V4 WORK IMPORTANT Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: Work. (% "very important") Gender Age Education Income PoHtlcal Affinity Values Rankblg: Total Male Female 16-29 30-49 50+ Lower Medium Upper Lower Middle Upper Left Center Right Mat Mixed Postmat India 86 89 84 86 87 86 85 87 87 89 86 86 90 84 85 88 86 83 Nigeria 94 Nigeria 94 94 95 94 94 95 96 95 92 94 93 96 97 91 96 95 94 88 India 86 ChhlR 64 66 60 58 66 67 63 65 67 65 64 63 na na na 64 65 52 Brazil 82 Romania 69 71 67 53 68 79 76 63 67 72 67 67 65 69 68 73 66 59 South Africa 79 Turkey 59 64 54 53 63 61 59 55 69 58 55 64 63 60 57 61 58 60 Argentina 76 Poland 70 69 71 58 69 76 71 71 62 69 71 68 71 68 76 71 70 66 Chile 75 Dulgaria 57 59 54 39 57 67 66 54 53 56 57 58 58 58 58 60 56 46 Slovenia 73 Chile 75 76 74 69 77 80 76 76 73 79 76 70 73 75 80 82 74 70 Norway 73 Czechoslovakia 56 59 54 41 57 65 59 52 64 53 56 58 62 54 56 57 56 56 Poland 70 Soulh Africa 79 83 75 81 80 72 83 80 57 85 83 59 80 74 75 76 80 81 Romania 69 L1t1lUania 42 41 42 23 41 59 54 36 49 48 35 40 na na na 47 42 34 South Korea 69 lIungary S9 57 61 55 62 58 60 58 60 59 57 61 64 60 52 62 57 55 Mexico 67 Argentina 76 76 76 67 75 84 82...

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