The Healthiest City: Milwaukee and the Politics of Health Reform

Index

Index Abraham LincolnSettlement, health programs of, 197-198. See also Settlement houses; Kander, Lizzie Black Adams v. Milwaukee, tuberculin case, 183 aldermen. See Common council Allen, James M. (Milwaukee physician ), thinks swill milk safe, 165166 American Public Health Association : meetings of, 59, 131-132; advice on garbage disposal, 134135 , 143; sponsors health conservation contest, 214 antitoxin. See diphtheria, antitoxin antivaccinationists: among physicians , 80, 246; among German immigrants, 80-83, 84-85, 88, 9495 , 99; among Polish immigrants , 85, 88, 94-95, 99 Archbishop, supports child welfare work,220 Associated Charities, health workof, 192, 193-194 Babies Free Hospital, 218 Babies Fresh Air Pavilion, 195 Bading, Gerhard A.: elected mayor (1912), 21; appointed health commissioner, 48, 52; on smallpox , 118-119; garbage control efforts of, 151-152, 154; and tuberculin testing, 185, 186; opposes Child Welfare Commission, 223225 bakeries, 5 Beffel, John M. (Milwaukee physician ): anti-tuberculosis work, 201; opposes Seidel's election, 217; supports child welfare, 217, 218 Bennett Law (1889), 19, 252 Bennett, W. S. (Milwaukee physician ), health department analyst, 178 Benzenberg, G. H. (city engineer), on garbage problems, 142 Berger, Victor, Socialist politician, 21n, 110 Bernoski, Jennie, nurse at child welfare station, 224 Biggs, Hermann (New York health commissioner), compared to Milwaukeeans , 258 blacks, in Milwaukee, 13 Board of Health: established, 4, 42, 45-46; activities, 38-40, 42-75; temporary, 43-44, 78-79; structural modifications of, 46-47; converted to department of health, 47. See also Health department Bohemian immigrants. See immigrants , Bohemian Boorse, Lorenzo (Milwaukee physician ): administers medical milk commission, 181; on staff of Ba281 Copyrighted Material INDEX Boorse (cont.) bies Free Hospital, on Child Welfare Commission, 218; supports Child Welfare Commission, 224 Boston, Massachusetts, 32, 229 Boston Store, violates influenza restrictions , 236 Boyd, Sarah: heads Visiting Nurse Association, 199, 218; on Child Welfare Commission, 218. See also Visiting Nurse Association Bradley, H. C. (Milwaukee physician ), health commissioner, 48, 117 breast feeding, and diarrheal diseases , 31-32, 176 bronchitis, 25, 27 Brooklyn, New York, 132 Brown, Horace Manchester (Milwaukee physician), opposes health department, 74-75; supports vaccination, 95; opposes tuberculosis reporting, 200-201 Buffalo, New York, 131 Burnham's canal, pollution of, 55 business: supports health reform, 6,90,191,247-248,254; represented on health advisory board, 229,231,233; loses money during influenza, 233 Carney, Joseph P. (Milwaukee alderman ), supports Child Welfare Commission, 217 Catholics. See immigrants, Catholic Central Council of Social Agencies, health work of, 192, 202-203 certified milk: defined, 180; available in Milwaukee, 181-182; value debated by physicians, 245 Chapin, Charles V. (Providence, Rhode Island), compared to Milwaukee health commissioners, 258 charity. See voluntary associations Chesbrough, E. S. (Chicago engineer ): designs Milwaukee water system, 57; recommends intercepting sewers, 59 Chicago, Illinois: rival to Milwaukee , 11, 247; meat packing conditions in, 56 Children's Free Hospital, 200 Children's Free Hospital Association , runs pasteurizing plant, 182, 255 Child Welfare Commission: works with community groups, 196, 218, 220; cooperation with Visiting Nurse Association, 200, 219-220; consolidates public and private health efforts, 206, 218; established , 214, 217, 218-219; in Milwaukee , 216-227; wide support for,217,219,221,225,227,253254 ; members appointed, 218219 ; community opinion of, 221222 ; success of, 222, 227; political problems of, 223-224. See also Phillips, Wilbur C. child welfare stations: help infant mortality decline, 7, 53; supported by Abraham Lincoln Settlement , 198; open on south side, 220-221; daily work of, 221-222, 225-227; open around the city, 225-227,228; cost of, 226. See also Phillips, Wilbur c.; Lobedan, Emil T. cholera: threatens Milwaukee, 44, 51,93; spurs health reforms, 9394 , 174,242; mentioned, 4, 71, 97 cholera infantum, deaths from increase , 174-175. See also diarrheal diseases chronology of public health events, 265-273 churches, restricted in influenza control, 231, 234. See also clergy City Club of Milwaukee: supports city hospital, 203, 212: supports public health activity, 207-213, 254; supports housing improvements , 208; supports garbage control, 208; supports school medical inspection, 208, 209-210; supports open-air schools, 208, 282 Copyrighted Material INDEX 212; cooperates with health department , 208-213; supports sewage treatment plant, 208, 210211 ; sponsors sickness survey, 208,211-212 civil service: in the health department ,47,51,I18, 121; Kempster favors, 97; mentioned, 19 Civil War, provides lessons in public health, 44 clergy: support health policy, 6, 88, 120, 255; sponsor health services , 191,219-221; support Child Welfare Commission, 219-221, 255; reaction to influenza...