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Notes PREFACE 1. The Holy Bible, James 3:8. 2. A. C. Jordan, Tales from Southern Africa (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), p. xxii. 3. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude, trans. Gregory Rabassa (New York: Harper and Row, 1970), p. 16. 4. Eva Ndlovu, a forty-five-year-old Ndebele woman, made this comment in a story that she performed on November 15, 1972, in the MatopojGulati area of southern Zimbabwe. In the audience were five children, five teenagers, and one woman. (NS-2388; tape 46, side 2.) 5. I refer to such works as Nadine Gordimer's July's People (New York: Viking Press, 1981), Alan Paton's Cry, the Beloved Country (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1948), J. M. Coetzee's Life & Times of Michael K (New York: Viking Press, 1984), Sipho Sepamla's A Ride on the Whirlwind (London: Heinemann, 1981), Es'kia Mphahlele's Down Second Avenue (Garden City: Doubleday, 1971), and Miriam Tlali's Amandla (Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1980). 6. Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985), p. 11. 7. Robert Lowell, "History," in History (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973), lines 1-2, p. 24. 8. Simon Schama, Citizens (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989), p. xvi. 9. Hayden White, "The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality," in On Narrative, 00. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), p.4. 10. David Carr, "Narrative and the Real World: An Argument for Continuity," History and Theory 25.2 (1986): 125. 11. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System (New York: Academic Press, 1974), vol. I, p. 9. 12. Paul Veyne, Writing History: Essay on Epistemology, trans. Mina MooreRinvolucri (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1984), p. 4. [Originally published as Comment on ecrit l'histoire: Essai d'epistbnologie (Paris: Editions Seuil, 1971).] 13. Steven Feierman, The Shambaa Kingdom: A History (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1974), pp. 65, 66. 14. Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, Millennium: A History of the Last Thousand Years (New York: Scribner, 1995), p. 22. 15. Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, trans. S. C. C. Middlemore (London: Penguin Books, 1990 [originally published in 1860]), p. 19. 16. Fernandez-Armesto, Millennium, p. 23. 401 402 Notes to Pages xxi-6 17. Quoted in Thomas J. Cobble, Black Testimony: The Voices of BritainsWest Indians (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980), p. 156. 18. Isidore Okpewho, African Oral Literature (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992), p. 113. 19. Philip D. Curtin, The Image of Africa: British Ideas and Action, 1780-1850 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964). 20. Donald Cosentino, Defiant Maids and Stubborn Farmers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 1. 21. Eileen Julien, African Novels and the Question of Orality (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992), p. 51. 22. Mircea Eliade, Myth and Reality, trans. Willard R. Trask (New York: Harper and Row, 1963), p. 5-6. 23. The Holy Bible, James 3:5, 6. NOTE 1. See Harold Scheub, "Translation of African Oral Narrative-Performances to the Written Word," Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature no. 20 (1971): 2836 . INTRODUCTION 1. This does not purport to be a history of South Africa. It is meant to be a brief survey, touching on some important events and themes, significant figures and events. For histories of South Africa, see Monica Wilson and Leonard Thompson, eds., The Oxford History of South Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969, 1971); T. R. H. Davenport, South Africa: A Modern History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977); Leo Marquard, The Peoples and Policies of South Africa (London : Oxford University Press, 1962); and Leonard Thompson, A History of South Africa (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990). 2. R. Raven-Hart, Before Van Riebeeck: Callers at South Africa from 1488 to 1652 (Cape Town: C. Stroik, Pty., 1967), p. 115. 3. Daniel BeecI

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