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5. Later Lists of Greek Writers and Their Works 5.1 The Pinakes ofKallimachos as Examples and Sources of Later Lists As 1HE GREAT Alexandrian library was far superior to any earlier Greek book collections, so also its catalog, the Pinakes created by Kallimachos, a repertory of the works of Greek literature held by the library with data on their authors, was unique, the more so since the library had copies of almost all works that still existed at that time. It is therefore generally assumed that all Hellenistic scholars who compiled catalogs or bibliographies after Kallimachos also used his methods and his results. His Pinakes were "published" in the second half of the third century B.C. (perhaps not by himself but by his pupils), that is to say, they were copied for interested scholars outside of the Museion. This can be deduced from the fact that Aristophanes of Byzantium published a separate work in several books, containing corrections and supplements to the Pinakes. The catalog of the library of the Museion on which this work was based, was of course continued, because the collection grew steadily, new books had to be cataloged, and the cataloging of old books had to be improved. The work by Aristophanes of Byzantium bears witness to this. We may be sure that the successors of Kallimachos followed his example, i.e. they endeavored to identify the works contained in newly acquired scrolls, to distinguish between authors with identical names, to indicate also others by relevant data about their persons, to separate authentic works from spurious ones, etc. If and when they were successful, they recorded the authors and their works in the appropriate classes, just as Kallimachos had done. Thus, the Alexandrian Pinakes contained also biographical data on authors who lived after Kallimachos. The Pinakes of the library at Pergamon were apparently arranged according to the Alexandrian pattern. At least, two remarks by Dionysios of Halikarnassos show that the authors were listed by classes, and that the lists of their works were preceded by brief biographical data.1 Otherwise, very little is known about these Pinakes. They are cited only by Dionysios of Halikarnassos and by Athenaios, altogether four times, two of these citations being negative;2 apparently they were much less frequently used than those compiled by Kallimachos. The hope of some modem researchers to find parts of Hellenistic library catalogs on papyri has not yet been fulfilled. Up to now, only four lists of books on papyrus fragments from the third century B.C. have come to light, and even these are difficult to interpret. The first of these fragments comes apparently from the catalog of a (public) library, the second is perhaps the draft of a catalog, the third and fourth are private copies made from library catalogs.3 For our investigation they do not yield anything except for one point that has already been mentioned.4 However, a fragment of a library catalog from Rhodos in the form of an inscription carved in stone towards the end of the second century B.C., deserves attention (see below, section 5.2). Of course, this catalog of a relatively small 182 library (probably that of the gymnasium) is not fully comparable with the Pinakes of the great Alexandrian library. Not only librarians but also other scholars, especially authors of author biographies,s made good use of the entries in the Pinakes of Kallimachos. Foremost among the Alexandrian scholars who continued the biographical writings of the Peripatetics was Hermippos of Smyrna. He was probably the first among the pupils of Kallimachos who enriched biographies of philosophers and orators by adding bibliographies; his works are, however, all lost (see below, section 5.3). He as well as his successors owed their knowledge to the collections and lists of the great Alexandrian library. Later scholars used, of course, also other large libraries, especially the one in Pergamon. The Alexandrian philologists who, beginning ca. 200 B.C., used to introduce their editions of classical poets and prose writers with biographies which were substantially different from those of Hermippos, nevertheless relied on the same sources. These biographies usually contained at the end a list of works written by the author and of writings falsely ascribed to him. In a complete edition the table of contents was actually equivalent to a bibliography of the author (see below, section 5.3). Lists of works by individual authors were only seldom published individually. The Aristotle bibliography compiled by Andronikos...

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