Building a Sacred Mountain: The Buddhist Architecture of China's Mount Wutai

Glossary

261 GLOSSARY Abbreviations C Chinese J Japanese S Sanskrit abhijñā (S) or shentong 神通 (C) supernormal knowledge or supernatural power abhiṣeka (S) or guangding 灌頂 (C) anointing, inaugurating, or consecrating Ajātaśatru (S) or Asheshi wang 阿闍世王 (C) a prince who, according to a sutra (T.15: 626), murdered his father, Bimbisāra Akṣobhya (S) or Ashan fo 阿閦佛 (C) the Immovable One; the Buddha associated with the east Amitābha (S) or Amituo fo 阿彌陀佛 (C) the Buddha of the Pure Land of the west Amoghasiddhi (S) or Bukong chengjiu fo 不空成 就佛 (C) the Buddha of Infallible Accomplishment ; the Buddha associated with the north Amoghavajra (S) or Bukong 不空 (C) (705–74) master of Esoteric Buddhism An Lushan 安祿山 (C) (703–57) general who rebelled against the Tang court An Sheng 安生 (C) sculptor of the first icon of Mañjuśrī riding a lion at Mount Wutai añjali (S) or hezhang 合掌 (C) two hands placed palm to palm, indicating reverence apsara (S) or feitian 飛天 (C) celestial nymph arhat (S) or aluohan 阿羅漢 (C) holy ascetic Aśoka (S) or Ayuwang 阿育王 (C) (ca. 304–232) Indian Buddhist king Avalokiteśvara (S) or Guanyin 觀音 (C) Mahayana Bodhisattva of Great Compassion Ayuwang xiang 阿育王像 (C) Chinese Buddhist images of Aśoka, in Indian style Ayuwangsi 阿育王寺 (C) Aśoka Monastery; monasteries founded where Aśoka relics were discovered Bai Jian zhuan 白建傳 (C) “Biography of Bai Jian,” included in History of Northern Qi Banruosi 般若寺 (C) Monastery of Prajñā; a virtual monastery mentioned in Yanyi’s Extended Records Baodesi 報德寺 (C) Monastery of Returning Virtue Baoshan 寶山 (C) Mount Bao, near Anyang, Henan province; site of Dazhusheng Cave Baoshansi 寶山寺 (C) Monastery of Jeweled Mountains, at Mount Bao Baoxiangsi 寶相寺 (C) Monastery of the Jeweled Image beixing ku 碑型窟 (C) lit., stele cave, meditation cave with features common in steles bhūmi (S) or di 地 (C) level or stage of spiritual development bian 變 (C) or bianxian 變現 (C) transformative manifestation. See huaxian bianxiang 變像 (C) lit., transformation tableau; painting of scenes from a sutra Bingzhou 並州 (C) jurisdictional province, approximately today’s Shanxi province Binyang 賓陽 (C) name given to the caves in Longmen, near Luoyang, Henan province bodhicitta (S) or Puti xin 菩提心 (C) lit., Bodhi mind; a mind set on enlightenment Bodhidharma (S) or Putidamo 菩提達磨 (C) (ca. 461–534) Indian monk; established the Chan school of Buddhism bodhimaṇḍa (S) or daochang 道場 (C) dharma field; a site of enlightenment Bodhiruci (S) or Putiliuzhi 菩提流支 (C) (d. 527) Indian monk, translator of Shidi jing lun Bodhiruci (S) or Putiliuzhi 菩提流志 (C) (672–727) Indian monk, translator of Wenshu shili fa baozang tuoluoni jing Bolun 波崙 (C) Tang-era monk GLOSSARY 262 buddhakṣetra (S) or fotu 佛土 (C) Buddha field; a land in which a buddha resides buddhānusmṛti (S) or nianfo 念佛 (C) mindful recollection of the Buddha; meditation on the Buddha’s perfections Buddhapālita (S) or Fotuoboli 佛陀波利 (C) Indian monk, visited Mount Wutai in 676 and 683 buddhoṣṇīṣa (S) or foding 佛頂 (C) Buddha’s crown; topknot or cranial protuberance of the Buddha Bukong jin’gang 不空金剛 (C) or Bukong 不空 (C) (705–74) See Amoghavajra busa 布薩 (C) or posadha (S) fasting; renewal of vows; confessional rite Butsu kōmyō zanmai kan 仏光明三昧観 ( J) samādhi [achieved by] visualizing the Buddha’s radiance caitya (S) worship hall cakravartin(-rāja) (S) or zhuan lunwang 轉輪王 (C) wheel-turning sage king; universal monarch Cao Yijin 曹議金 (C) (d. 935) military governor of the Return to Allegiance Army, 914–35 Cao Yuanzhong 曹元忠 (C) (d. 974) military governor of the Return to Allegiance Army, 944–74 chan 禪 (C) dhyāna; meditation; concentration changzhu 常住 (C) constant abiding; neither to be born nor to end chaotai lu 朝臺路 (C) lit., roads to venerate [Mount Wu]tai; pilgrim routes to Mount Wutai Chengguan 澄觀 (C) (738–839) fourth patriarch of the Huayan lineage Chengyuan 承遠 (C) (712–802) third patriarch of the Pure Land sect chi 尺 (C) lit., foot; unit of measurement of length, approximately 30–35 cm. Chinian Mantuluo Daochang 持念曼荼羅道 場 (C) ritual arena set up as a maṇḍala, Jin’ge Monastery Chōnen 奝然 ( J) (938–1016) Japanese monk who visited Mount Wutai in 985 Chongfusi 崇福寺 (C) Monastery of Elevating Blessing, in Taiyuan, Shanxi chongge 重閣 (C) multistory pavilion Chuntuo 純陀 (C) (d. 767) disciple of Amoghavajra , responsible for the building of Jin’ge Monastery ci 祠 (C) temple for indigenous Chinese religions cichu 此處 (C) lit., the very spot cidi 此地 (C) lit., the very place Cui Guang 崔光 (C) (449–522) court official of the Northern Wei Da Fodian 大佛殿 (C) Great Buddha Hall at Foguang Monastery Da foding zhenyan 大佛頂真言 (C) Great Dhāraṇī of the Buddha’s Crown...