Modern Clan Politics: The Power of "Blood" in Kazakhstan and Beyond

Index

Abykaev, Nurtai, 99 Mrica, ix, xix, 163; decolonization of,7 agriculture, 28-29, 51 Akmolinsk region, 119, 120, 146 Aktobe region, 119 Aliev, Rakhat, 99 Almaty region, 117, 144, 157; assistance networks in, 147-49; Chemolgan village in, 124 Amrekulov, Nurlan, 126-27 Anderson, Benedict, 6 Arendt, Hannah, 48-49 Astana. See Kazakhstan Atyrau region, 90, 104, 105, 106, 146; assistance networks in, 147-49 Baigel'di, Omirbek, 99 Balgimbaev, Nurlan, 103 Baltic states, 73 Barth, Fredrik, 23, 98 blat, 60, 61, 67-68 bribery. See corruption causality, x, xxi. See also social sCience Chechnya, xvi, 23 Cherdabaev, Ravil', 106 China, 6o Christie, Kenneth, 25 civicness, 172 clan, xviii, 25-27, 29; advantages of, xxv, 8, 70-71; barter and, 70; before Soviet rule, 27-37; behaviors associated with, 35,43-45; celebrations, 155; clan-based histories, 118-21; concealable nature of, xxii, xxv, 14, 17, 70, 96, 165; criminalization of, 4345 ; defined, 26; developmentally useful purposes of, 170; exogamous marriage and, 28, 134, 156; genealogies and, xxii, 58, 113, 132, 139, 157; information providers , 60, 70, 107, 113-15, 154; international norms and, 17273 ; khans and, 31; local (ru), 27; metaphorical usage of, 26; multitiered nature of, 97-98, 170; networks , xxiii, xxiv, 17-19, 61-69, 99-103, 152-53; persistence of, xxiii, 12, 59-69; public stigma ascribed to, xxiii, xxv-xxvi, 17,43, 55-59,84,113-14,121-31,172-73; relation to ethnicity, 116-21, 150, 158; shortage economy and, 1618 ; state building and, xxiii, xxiv, xxvi, 8-9; trust and, 8, 9, 62, 70 clan politics: clan balancing and, 110-12, 167; and clan clientelism, 111-12; and clan conflict, 38-40, 95-112 passim; and clan meta245 246 Index clan politics (continued) conflict, xxiii, xxv-xxvi, 19-20, 113-35 passim; distinctiveness of, xviii-xix, 97; and rational choice, 8. See also Kazakhstan class divisions, 29-30; bais, 38; blackbone stratum, 30, 34-35, 38; whitebone stratum, 30 collectivization, xxiv-xxv, 18, 43 Collins, Kathleen, 9, 12 Commonwealth of Independent States, 78 Connor, Walker, 7 constructivism, xix, xx-xxi, 11-13 corruption, 8, 63, 64, 67, 107, 154-55; and anti-corruption campaigns, 68,135 Cossacks, 32, 101, 128 Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan, 123 democratization. See political transition Deutsch, Karl, 5 Di Palma, Giuseppe, 166 discourse, xxiii. See also clan politics Douglas, Mary, 98 Durkheim, Emile, 22, 26, 97 Duvanov, Sergei, 89, 105 economic transition, 84-85, 89-90; barakholki and, 89; credit provision and, 90; and performance, 89-90, 129, 44-45; implications for clans, 156; introduction of currency, 89; monetarization, 153-54; possibility of "Dutch disease," 90; privatization, 90, 152 education, xvii, 50-51, 65; ethnicity and, 80. See also modernization Elder Umbrella Clan, 31, 34, 69, 98-99, 100-103, 132, 151; Akhsha subdivision, 59; Alban, 58; Dulat, 59, 105, 124; Kozhai (Qozhai) subdivision , 59; Qangly, 32; Shaprasht , 124; Shymyr subdivision, 59; Taz subdivision 58; Zhanys subdivision, 105 emic perspectives. See ethnographic methods Esenberlin, Ilias, 57-58 Esimov, Akhmetzhan, 99 ethnicity, xix, 23-25, 146; defined, 23; international norms and, 172; language and, 23-24, 79-81; markers of, 24; purity and, 160; Soviet Union's promotion of, 54, 74 ethnic redress. See Kazakhstan ethnocultural expeditions, 83-84, 143 ethnographic methods, xxi, 175-77; and ethnographic "present," 6. See also social science Eurasianism, 75-78 Eurasian Union, 78 Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 27 exchange of goods, xxii, 62, 96, 105, 153, 155, 169 Geertz, Clifford, 112 Gellner, Ernest, 4-5 genealogies, xxii, 26, 27-28; promotion of, 117. See also clan Genghis Khan, 30 Germans, 78 Goffmann, Erving, 22 Gumiliev, Lev, 76 habitus, 73 historical institutionalism, xx, 20. See also identity Hobbes, Thomas, 22 Index 247 Homo sovieticus, 54, 76. See also Soviet Union Horowitz, Donald, xix, 24 Huntington, Samuel, 22 identity modernization, 4, 20, 140, 164 identity, 22-23, 149-50; change, xx; defined, 23; and mechanisms of reproduction, xx-xxii, xxiii, xxiv-xxv, 13-14, 59-69; multiple levels of, 164, 172; persistence of, xx, 47 identity politics, xix. See also clan; clan politics; constructivism; ethnicity; primordialism Indonesia, 25, 99 insider perspectives. See ethnographic methods institutional syncretism, xxii Iraq, 9 Islam. See Muslim identity Jordan, 10 Kasymov, Kenesary, 35 Kasza, Gregory, 109 Kazakh Khanate, 30 , 31 Kazakhs: demographic position of, 24-25; emergence of ethnic identity among, 31-32; ethnic unity of, 134; ethnonationalists among, 127-28; forced resettlement of, 49; hospitality of, 39, 63...