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A & P, 18. See also Supermarket development , early Albers, William H., 18 Albers Super Market, 19. See also Supermarket development, early Albertson’s, 111, 126, 127–29 Alpha-Beta, 18, 111. See also Supermarket development, early Alpine Market, 130 Amalgamated Meat Cutters Union, 138, 140, 142 A-1 Meat Company, 62 Arata Brothers Wholesale Grocery, 52, 156–57. See also Valley Wholesale Grocery Auburn Grocery, 80 Bank of Canton, 46 Bel Air, 4, 57–60, 74, 76, 94, 95, 107, 124, 153, 155, 159–60; employee and customer appreciation, 89; expansion of, 88; hiring, 88–89; incorporation, 61; philosophy, 58; sale of, 112–13; service and innovation, 86–87; ventures and investments, 87 Big Bear Store, 18, 21. See also Supermarket development, early Bi-Rite, 147 Broderick Market, 81, 84, 93–94, 102 Businesses and occupations, early Chinese American, 4–5 Cardinal Grocery, 66, 85 Centr-O-Mart, 4, 95, 153; decline of, 113–14; ethnic employees, 63; expansion of, 91; first, 62–63; grocery wholesale, 63; investing in, 91–92 Chan, George, 126–31 Cherry pickers (shoppers), 97. See also Loss leaders China: conditions in Toishan and Hoiping, 64 Chinese Food Dealers Association, 66 Chung Sun Grocery (Market), 9, 53, 56, 80, 81, 153, 160; customer credit, 49–50; employees, 50; family-run, 52; modest beginnings, 49–50; new store capitalization, 51; partnerships, partners, shareholders, 51; resiliency, ominous signs, 106 Community, Chinese American: bicultural American-born, 42–43; economic reward, 94; experiences with dominant population, 43; historical record, 12–15; immigration, 34–37; job opportunities, 45; mixed experiindex 189 Community, Chinese American (continued) ences, 33; postwar opportunities, 43; real estate investment, 77; rise in wives and families, 36; social assimilation, 94–95; social changes in the 1950s and 1960s, 44–45; socioeconomic development, 10–12; sojourners, 36–37; statistical profile, 33–34; Sze Yup, 37; Toishan and Hoiping, 37; wartime activities, 42 Competition: and Chinese American prominence, 3–4, 14; among Chinese American supermarkets, 93–94; decline of Chinese American competitiveness , 8–9, 96; direct supermarket -to-supermarket, 28; and discounting, 28; increased pressures in the 1960s, 27; national chain companies , 76; recession and, 76–77 Compton’s, 147 Computer systems: role in decline of Giant Foods, 107–8 Consumers Market, 60 Corti Brothers, 126, 130–31 Creative bookkeeping, 13 Customer service: in Chinese American supermarkets, 73–74. See also Supermarket, Chinese American Daylite Store, 62–63; renamed Diamond D, 63 Diamond D, 63 Diamond Properties, 93, 134; banking business, 92; cattle business, 92; liquidation, 113–14 Dick’s Market, 4, 83–84, 153; decline of, 111–12 Dick Yee Incorporated, 84, 111–12 190 • Index El Camino Market, 81, 102 Employees, Chinese American, 7; getting hired, 118; immigrant, 65, 115, 124; joining the unions, 121–22; living quarters, 122–23; opinions, 125–26; shortcomings, 73–74; union labor rules, 139; wages, 120; weakened relationship with employer, 102–3; working, 118–20. See also Chung Sun Grocery Employer-employee relationship. See Employees, Chinese American Employment, Chinese American: limited opportunities, 41; wartime change, 41; working wives, 41–42 Enterprise, Chinese American, 38–40, 45–46 Eye (I) Street Bridge Market, 55–57, 84, 86, 94, 120; customer relationships, 57; employees, 55–56 Fairfield Grocery, 80 Famous Food Markets, 4, 75, 79, 81, 93, 104, 105, 153, 167n3; decline of, 97– 102; out of business, 101–2; partnership problems, 98–102 Farmers Market, 4, 75, 79, 89, 93, 94, 108, 134, 153; decline of, 103–5 Farmers Market (Northern Sacramento Valley), 92, 114 Financing: large vs. small companies, 29 Fine Food Market, 81 First generation supermarkets: decline of, 96–97; labor practices, 82. See also Supermarket, Chinese American Fong, Walter, 79, 104, 134 Freeway Market, 81 Fulton Market, 66 General Food Market, 81 Gerrard, Albert, 18. See also Supermarket development, early Giant Foods, 4, 75, 85, 126, 130, 153; decline of, 107–8 Grand View Market, 85 Grocery business, Chinese American: grocery stores to supermarkets, 7; in Houston, Texas, 156; in Southern California, 156; start, operation, 6–7 Grocery cart, 21. See also Supermarket development, early Grocery stores, Chinese American, 39–40; 1960 figures, 40; pre-World War II, 65; post-World War II, 65; in San Francisco, 68–69 Grocery wholesaler: Chinese American dealing with, 52–53 Groceteria, 18. See also Supermarket development, early Hob Nob, 92, 114 Holiday, 147 Hot and cold method (pricing), 72 Immigration: Chinese American, 34– 37; 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, 35; 1924 Immigration Act, 35; 1945 War Brides Act, 36; 1965 Immigration Act, 36; paper...

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