From Enslavement to Environmentalism: Politics on a Southern African Frontier

Index

INDEX Page numbers referring to illustrations appear in italics. abolition and emancipation, 188-90 aerial photography, 70, 217n84, 217nn85-86 afforestation, 63-65 African Purchase areas, 230n8 Mrican Union, 24on22 Afrikaner, as term, 20304 Agnoletto, Roberto, 227n24 agriculture: bananas, 100-1.01, HI, 11213 ,162-67, 232nn41-43; cotton, 3940 ,158, 211n69; extensification of, 157-58: shifting cultivation by Ndau, 28: tea, 133, 220n35; weekend farmers, 124-25 Agritex, 216n70 aldeias comunais, 124, 125 Alexander, Jocelyn, 68, 124, 220n28 ambulatory enslavement. See forced labor, servitude, and ambulatory enslavement American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 34, 36, 38-39 Apartheid, 178 arson, 64-65, 78 Asiwaju, A. I., 75 Autarquias, 190 Baigent, Elizabeth, 9 banana cultivation, 100-101, 111, 112-13, 162-67, 232nn41-43 Bannerman, James, 132-34, 145 Beach, D. N., 216n66 Beach, David, 132 Beira conference (1998), 177-78 Beitbridge District, 159 Bell, Richard, 180-81, 191, 237ll111, 237m21 Berry, Sara, 7, 11, 58 Binga District, 161 bioregional movement, 155-56 Biyeni,58 black lowlands: disappearance of, 167; as frontier, 4; principle of, in Mozambique , 168; racial integration in, 13. See also native reserves Blanchard, James, III, 226m3 Boers, 31 Bond, Ivan, IsS, 159, 23m24 Bond, Patrick, 230m6 boosterism, 155-56. 163-67. See also tourism border: Anglo-Portuguese demarcation of, 4i artificial, 75; and native reserves, 51-.52; parochialism. transnational, 78; 273 INDEX border (continued) sealed against trypanosomiasis, 32; soft vs. hard, 75-m uncertainties in. 31, 51-52; white settlement in Gogoi prejudiced by delineation of, 31. See also boundaries border crossing: attitudes toward new settlers, 157; ecotourism boosters, newcomers demonized by, 163-6~ guerilla occupation ofVhimba, 72; and hut tax, 57-58; kukhonza pledging as border idiom, 86-88; and land allocation in postwar Gogoi, 124-26; and land allocation in Vhimba, 79-84; Portuguese corvee as push factor, 33; refugee initiative. 76; timber industry. difficulties for, 41. See also refugees from Mozantbique in Vhimba Border Timbers Limited, 63 boundaries: combated by conservation and development professionals, 1,3; fences, 9, 231n27; as foreign concept to Chief Gogoi, xvi: and frontier, 34 ; and Gogoi mapping project, 14243 ; as impediments, 196; in Ngorima Reserve, 66-69: and Nyakwawa sacred forest, 114-20, 119: open vs. closed in Mozambique, 177-83, 179: property lines and territorial mentality, 9; and territorial mentality, 9 bovine trypanosomiasis. 28-29, 32, 51 bride-service, 59-63. 86 bride-wealth, 6, 59. 61-62, 209n52 British colonization. See colonization by British in Zimbabwe British South Africa Company: afforestation by, 63; border sealed by, 32; and bride-service. 60; and ca.dastral surveys , 49; Gungunyana agreement, 48; population attracted across border, 57-58 Broom Safaris, 161 Bundua (headman), 126 business center (Vhimba), 109-11. lll. 165 business ethic, 184 cadastral maps, 9, 48-54 cadastral politics: overview, 45-46; and afforestation, 63-65; and Chimanimani Rural District Council, 100101 ; and development projects, 9899 ; evictions by timber industry, 64-65; forced labor on white farms, 54-56; mapping and surveying, British focus on, 48-54; Nyakwawa sacred forest boundary, 114-20; and tourism project. 109-14. See also boundaries; enclosure; land allocation; territory Canlpfire Association, 162, 166-67 Campfire Collaborative Group, 162 Canlpfire (Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources). 103, 107-14; boosterism in Zimbabwe, 155-61; and corporatism, 192, 193; dissent within. 161-62; and Rusitu Botanical Reserve boundary, 115-17; Vhimba hotel project. 166-67 Canlpfire intelligentsia, 155-57, 161-62, 170-72, 178 Cape Dutch system of land tenure, 48-49 capital, portable (Gaza Nguni empire), 25 capitalism, community-based, 173-75 Carlos Venichand firm, 228n26 cartographic anxiety. 51-52 cattle: bovine trypanosomiasis, 28-29, 32, 51; in Gaza Nguni empire. 28; rustling of, 54; safaris vs., 174 census taking, 38 Center for Information and Education for Development (CIES), 227n24 Center for the Promotion of Investment, 182 Centre for Applied Sodal Sciences (UniversityofZimbabwe ),137,149,162 Cheater, Angela, 69, 230n19 chibaro (system of forced labor and taxation ),34-40, 56-57,58 chiefs: and British labor system, 56; cadastral mentality appropriated by, 10; in Gaza Nguni empire, 24-29; mapping of chieftaindes in Manica, 132-34; and Portuguese corvee system, 274 INDEX 34-35. 37-38; succession of, 220n33. See also specific chiefs chikoroka (forced porterage). 42-43. 85 Chikwarakwara Reserve. 159 Chikware (headman): and huku payments for land allocation, 84i kudira ceremony, 221043. land allocation by, 83; and Nyakwa~ forest boundary, 114-15, u8, 224n68; Rusitu Forest...