Jewish Philanthropy and Enlightenment in Late-Tsarist Russia

A Note on Transliteration

a note on transliteration I have followed the Library of Congress Transliteration System in Russian , with the exception of the ii-ending for proper names; I use the more familiar y-ending, for example, Orshansky and Grigory. I have used English versions of well-known individuals or names that have English equivalents—Maxim rather than Maksim, Michael rather than Mikhail. In addition, I have dispensed with the apostrophe for the soft sign in proper names for the sake of elegance. In transliteration from Hebrew and Yiddish, I have adhered to the Library of Congress system. Geographical locations that have different names today from what they were in the nineteenth century are called according to their present-day form (e.g., Vilnius, not Vilna), although the names of titles remain as they were (e.g., the Vilna Rabbinical Seminary). jewish philanthropy and enlightenment in late-tsarist russia ...