The Human Cost of Food: Farmworkers' Lives, Labor, and Advocacy

Index

Index acculturation of farmworkers, 39–41, 42–44, 51 adverse effect wage rate, 117–118, 129 advocacy (for farmworkers), 2–3, 85–86, 96–97, 153–166, 214–217, 271–275, 285–297 African American farmers, 13, 35, 63–66, 250–252, 253–255 African American farmworkers, 23– 24, 93–95, 250–252, 279–280; con- flict of, with foreign-born workers, 47–48, 50, 104; replacement of, by foreign-born workers, 26, 28, 29, 50, 102–103, 115–166 agribusiness, 3, 12, 13–14, 15, 17, 85– 86, 162–165; concentration of, 55–58, 69, 79–81; dependence of, on farmworkers 9, 10–11, 50–51, 70–73, 89, 98–99; labor practices of, 11–12, 47–51, 57, 103, 131–135, 137–138, 160–161; political power of, 104–105, 134–135, 141–143, 145–146, 151–153, 257, 262–263; profitability of, 11, 15, 16–17, 56. See also farms and farming agricultural exceptionalism, 139–153 Agricultural Worker Protection Act (AWPA). See Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, 25, 261 AIDS. See HIV infection American Housing Survey, 177–178 animal processing workers, 3, 7, 8, 25, 26, 70–73, 230–231. See also seafood workers assimilation (of farmworkers), 40–42, 46, 51 Bahamian farmworkers, 101, 102–103, 116 Barbados farmworkers, 24–25 bilingual education, 239–242. See also education Bracero program. See guestworker programs British West Indies Central Labour Organization. See guestworker programs British West Indies Temporary Alien Labor Program. See guestworker programs Cambodian farmworkers. See Southeast Asian farmworkers Caribbean farmworkers. See West Indian farmworkers Chateau Ste. Michelle, 268, 269–271 Chavez, Cesar, 84, 255, 256–268, 287 ‘‘Chicano,’’ description of, 26–27 child labor, 142, 147–148, 222, 233– 234 children, life of, 207–209, 222–224, 231–239. See also child labor; education; health; housing Children’s Health Insurance Program, 209 334 The Human Cost of Food Christmas trees. See tree crops churches, role of, in supporting farmworkers , 210, 225, 251–252, 270. See also religion citizenship and the right to vote, 251– 253, 255, 259, 274–275, 286–287 Coalition of Immokalee Workers, 50–51, 289 College Assistance Migrant Program, xiii, xiv–xv, 243 communities (of farmworkers), 6, 30, 33–34, 51, 212–213 consumers: attitudes of, toward farmworkers , 8–9, 12, 14–16, 72–73, 154, 290–291; links with, 261–267, 269, 289, 295–297 crops (handled by farmworkers), 3, 4– 6, 10; apples, 5, 24–25, 49, 117, 132, 200; beans, 5, 91–93; blueberries, 5; citrus, 4, 25, 48, 91–92, 95, 155– 156, 200; cotton, 115; cucumbers, 146, 288; grapes, 261–267; mushrooms , 28, 287–288; peaches, 5, 28–29; peppers, 5; strawberries, 288; sugar beets, 115, 116; sugarcane , 24–25, 48; sweet potatoes, 23, 284; tobacco, 5, 29, 87–99, 283; tomatoes, 5, 25, 50, 282–283; watermelons, 5, 25, 116 culture (among farmworkers), 22– 52, 265–266; changes in, 39–44; ‘‘Latinization’’ of, in U.S., 28–30; traditions of, preserved, 30–34 Delmarva Rural Ministries, 186–188, 192 Department of Housing and Urban Development. See HUD Department of Labor, 121–123, 124, 133, 149, 156, 158, 163–164, 184 diversity (of farmworkers). See ethnicity (of farmworkers) East Coast Migrant Head Start Program , 242 education, 7, 222–245 El Otro Mexico, 31–32 English as a Second Language, 240 ethnicity (of farmworkers), 6–7, 22–23, 26–27, 43–44, 51–52, 214 exceptionalism. See agricultural exceptionalism Fair Labor Standards Act, 146, 148, 163, 165 family life (of farmworkers), 44–45, 222–224, 241–242 Farmer’s Home Administration, 66– 67, 171, 279 farming, 13–14, 55–86; economics of, 56, 59, 60–61, 62, 78–79; increase of large farms in, 56–58, 62, 79– 82, 155–156; land use in, 60, 78–79; loss of small farms in, 55–57, 58, 59–60, 68–69, 75–77, 78–79, 82–83; views of, 8–9, 72, 82, 143. See also agribusiness; southeastern United States Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act (FLCRA), 154–161 Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC), 39, 250, 268, 269, 272, 288 Farm Labor Supply Program, 102–104 Farm Security Administration (FSA), 96–102, 115 Farmworker Health and Safety Institute , 213 Farmworker Health Services, Inc., 170–176, 178–179 farmworkers: isolation of, 143–144, 274–275, 277; types of, 3–4, 7–8, 227–231; views of, 8–9, 10, 11, 15– 16, 72–73, 143, 290–291. See also advocacy; assimilation; communities ; culture; ethnicity; family life...