La Revolución: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth, and History

Notes

Notes introduction 1. Sáenz, quoted in a lecture by Ramón Beteta delivered on July 22, 1930, “The Moving Forces in Mexican Life,” in The Mexican Revolution: A Defense (Mexico: DAPP, 1937), p. 8. 2. These voceros de la Revolución were intellectuals inasmuch as they gave an explanation of the world, but they cannot be described as “great” intellectuals in the mold of Justo Sierra and Antonio Caso or “organic” intellectuals from the local communities, as described by Alan Knight. They fit better into the category of clase media intelectual, middle-class intellectuals, who possess a certain educational preparation, as noted by Gloria Villegas Moreno. See Villegas Moreno, “La Militancia de la ‘Clase Media Intelectual’ in la Revolución Mexicana,” and Alan Knight, “Intellectuals in the Mexican Revolution,” both in Roderic A. Camp, Charles A. Hale, and Josefina Zoraida Vázquez, eds., Los intelectuales y el poder en México (Los Angeles: El Colegio de México and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1991), pp. 211–12, 141–71. 3. Alphonse de Lamartine, “Declaration of Principles,” quoted in Clifford Geertz, “Ideology as a Culture System,” in Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), p. 221. 4. Statement attributed to Wilson by Carlos Pereyra and quoted in Peter Calvert , Mexico (New York: Praeger, 1972), p. 153. 5. Luis Cabrera, “México y los mexicanos,” in Cabrera, Obras Completas. Obra Política (México: Ediciones Oasis, 1975), Tomo III, p. 398. Around the same time, Carlo de Fornaro noted that “one is too apt to see only a wanton destruction of property, a needless sacrifice of lives.” See Fornaro, “The Great Mexican Revolution: An Analysis,” The Forum 49 (November 1915): 532. 6. One contemporary observer noted that the production of books rose during the decade. Henry C. Schmidt writes: “The decade 1910–1920 was shot through with intellectuality.” See Schmidt, “Power and Sensibility: Toward a Typology of Mexican Intellectuals and Intellectual Life, 1910–1920,” in Roderic A. Camp, Charles A. Hale, and Josefina Zoraida Vázquez, eds., Los intelectuales y el poder en México (Los Angeles: El Colegio de México and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1991), p. 173. 7. Hans Kellner, Language and Historical Representation: Getting the Story Crooked (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989), p. 208. 167 8. Isaiah Berlin, “The Bent Twig: On the Rise of Nationalism,” in Henry Hardy, ed., The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas (New York: Vintage, 1992), p. 244. 9. Ernest Renan, a lecture delivered at the Sorbonne, March 11, 1882, “Qu’estce qu’une nation?” reprinted as “What is a Nation?” in Homi K. Bhabha, Nation and Narration (London: Routledge, 1990), p. 19. 10. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, revised edition (London: Verso, 1991), p. 195. 11. Jean Meyer, “History as National Identity,” Voices of Mexico, October– December 1995, p. 33. 12.LindaColley,Britons: ForgingtheNation,1707–1837 (NewHaven: Yale University Press, 1992), p. 5. 13. Yael Zerubavel, Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), pp. 6–7. 14. A nation, according to William Pfaff, is “a community with a common memory—a people which has suffered together.” See Pfaff, The Wrath of Nations: Civilization and the Furies of Nationalism (New York: Touchstone, 1993), p. 58. 15. Lord Acton, “Nationality,” The Home and Foreign Review 1 ( July 1862): 170. 16. Beatriz Pastor Bodmer, The Armature of Conquest: Spanish Accounts of the Discovery of America, 1492–1589 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992), pp. 50–100; José Rabasa, Inventing America: Spanish Historiography and the Formation of Eurocentrism (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993), pp. 83– 124. 17. René Jara, “The Inscription of Creole Consciousness: Fray Servando de Mier,” in René Jara and Nicholas Spadaccini, 1492–1992: Re/Discovering Colonial Writing (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989), pp. 349–79; D. A. Brading, Los origenes del nacionalismo mexicano (México: SepSetentas, 1973), pp. 59–148. 18. D. A. Brading, The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 576–602, 634–47. 19. Enrique Florescano, “Creole Patriotism, Independence, and the Appearance of a National History,” in Florescano, Memory, Myth, and Time in Mexico : From the Aztecs to Independence (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994), pp. 184–227. 20. Enrique Krauze, “Founding Fathers,” The New Republic, November 28, 1994: 58–66. 21. Robert A. Potash...