Cuban Youth and Revolutionary Values: Educating the New Socialist Citizen

Index

Index adult education, 63–66, 83–84, 99–100; “Battle for the Sixth Grade,” 64, 83–84, 207; Seguimiento program, 63, 64–65. See also literacy Africa: Cuban troops in, 88, 103 African Americans, 202 Afro-Cubans: in La Flor, 128–129; and Communist Party, 96; in United States, 209–210 agriculture, 12, 14, 34–35, 38, 112, 121; and education, 8, 28, 33, 55, 61, 62, 65–66, 113; and microbrigades, 116; production goals, 73–74; and Programa Alimentario, 110; and punishment , 36, 85. See also campesinos; coffee harvest; sugar industry Ana Betancourt schools (Las Escuelas de Ana Betancourt), 56 antes (before), 219, 223–224 anthropology: in Cuba, 4, 227, 245n2 anti-imperialism, 9, 32, 131, 137, 146, 173, 178, 190, 200 Anti–Loafing Law of 1971, 76, 85, 207 balsero, 108, 208 Basques, 70 Batista, Fulgencia, 23, 54, 245n1; anti– Batista movement, 23; backed by United States, 27; government of, 159 Battle of Ideas, 213–215 Baudrillard, Jean, 175 Bay of Pigs Invasion, 28, 31, 32, 51, 57, 116–117, 157, 221 Benitez, Conrado, 45–46, 51 Benjamin, Medea: on Rectification Campaign, 94 Bernardo, Robert, 12 Betto, Frei, 16; Juventud Rebelde, 29 black market, 111, 120, 141, 143, 212, 226, 230 boarding schools, 55–56, 118. See also work-study principle Bohemia: on microbrigades, 96 Boletín, 91 Bonfenbrenner, Urie, 152 Bowles, Samuel: on Cuban Revolution and education, 7 Boy Scouts of America, 37, 89 brigadistas, 3, 43, 125, 214, 216, 249n2; and Conrado Benitez, 45–46; interviews with, 220–221, 227–228 Camp Columbia, 54 campesinos: and Escuela al Campo, 56, 193, 195, 200; and National Literacy Campaign, 43; and revolution, 24–25, 179; and school cities, 54; and values, 181 capitalism, 1, 12, 173: in Cuba, 75, 109, 111, 181, 208, 212; and disparity, 209; as enemy, 16, 45, 64, 206; and socialism , 140, 144, 208–209, 213, 218 Carnoy, Martin, 60 266 Cuban Youth and Revolutionary Values Castro, Fidel: on brigadistas, 216; on bureaucracy, 87–88, 208; and Catholicism, 28–29; as charismatic leader, 29–30, 38; and conciencia, 5, 21, 25, 26–31, 38, 41; on countryside schools, 82–83; criticism of, 105– 106; Cuba as “one huge school,” 1–2, 8, 124, 221; on dissidents, 104; on dropout rate, 77; on economy, 13– 14, 35, 73, 95, 97–98, 109; and guerilla–focus theory, 24; “La historia me absolverá” speech, 62; on human resources, 99; imprisonment of, 27; intelligence and security systems, 70; on labor, 117; and literacy, 24, 41, 83; and Madres, 90; and Marxist–Leninist identity , 28–30, 31, 32; and mercenaries, 97; on moral incentives, 12, 36; and National Literacy Campaign, 43, 45, 50, 51; on New Man, 71; on Ochoa, 105–106; and passion, 108; on perestroika , 94; and Playboy, 98; reeducation , 69; Reflexiones, 216; on revolution and education, 6, 11, 27, 39–40, 52–53, 59; and school cities, 54; on schools, 98–99; on SDPE, 87, 94; and Second UJC Congress speech, 76, 79, 80; Sierra Maestra Manifesto , 24, 46; on social work, 215; “Special Period in Time of Peace,” 103; on teachers, 89–90, 165; on technical education, 62; utopian version of Cuba, 217; and youth, 60, 84 Castro, Raúl, 27, 87, 110, 216 Castroites, 105 Catholic Church: community, 170; criticism of system, 118; and educational texts, 107 Catholicism, 31: and revolutionary ideology , 28–29; and Santería, 246n8, 249n6. See also religion Catholic schools, 118 CDR (Committee for the Defense of the Revolution), 50, 58, 146, 228, 249n8 Centennial Youth Column. See Youth Centennial Column China, 94 CIA, 4, 31 círculos infantiles, 55, 207. See also granjas del pueblo círculos de interés. See Pioneers Ciudad Libertad, 3, 126–129, 139, 164–165, 169, 171–172, 226, 245n1, 246n12, 247n9, 249n10 civic education, 24, 100, 129, 131–132, 246n13 coffee harvest, 56, 59 collectivism, 11, 13, 23, 86, 178 Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance), 73, 75 Committee for the Defense of the Revolution. See CDR communism, 16, 70, 86, 212, 247n13; change in attitudes towards, 171–173; Guevara as symbol of, 177, 211; and Manicheanism, 68; and New Man, 22, 71; and Pioneers, 152, 171; and work-study principle, 11 Communist Party, Cuban, 27, 33, 36, 39, 56, 58, 86, 88, 247n5; “affirmative action policy,” 95–96; corruption in, 104–106; and Escuela al Campo, 181–182, 183; and el Hombre Novísimo, 180–182; membership in, 95–96, 130; and privilege, 104–106, 130, 183; and pedagogy, 90, 100; Political...